Differential Phytotoxicity of Trifluralin and Nitralin

Barrentine, W. L.; Warren, G. F.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500048219

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…In one study, cultured wheat roots were inhibited by herbicide concentrations of 0-02 ppm (Hess & Bayer, 1974), whereas Lund et al (1970 found that concentrations of 0-5-1-0 ppm were required to reduce the yield of cotton root tissue by 50%. Similariy, Barrentine & Warren (1971) reported that while 0-08 ppm nitralin halved the root growth of wheat and oat seedlings grown in sand culture, the herbicide needed to be applied at 0-74 ppm to have the same effect on soybean roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…As with other dinitroaniline herbicides, nitralin at low concentrations has a pronounced inhibitory effect on the development of roots and shoots. Barrentine & Warren (1971) reported that roots of many broadleaf and grass species, including the crop plants soybean (Glycine max 'Amsoy'), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Dual Miller'), oats (Avena sativa L. 'Jaycee'), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Harrison') and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 'RS-610'), and the roots of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) and ivyleaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Elmore

Bayer

1992

Weed Research

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Saturated solutions of nitralin or butralin were used to treat the germinating florets of Lolium perenne L, var, Manhattan in a growth chamber to evaluate the induced mitotic and structural effects. Examination of structural changes showed suppressed root elongation and increased radial root enlargement. The response to nitralin was observed at 1 h, whereas a weaker response was first observed with butralin at 12 h. Cortical and epidermal cells close to the apex, treated with either herbicide, were enlarged and more vacuolate. Normal mitotic figures were reduced by 76% and 36% after 1 h following treatment with nitralin and butralin, respectively. Division figures differed markedly between the two herbicides. Nitralin‐treated cells formed polymorphic nuclei with an enlargement of nuclear volume and an increase in ploidy level, Butrahn decreased the number of prophase division figures, but increased the number of nuclei per cell, yielding a multi‐nucleate cell, Nitralin effects on cell divisions resemble those caused by the other dinitroani‐line herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin and pendimethalin. Butralin effects on cell division more closely resemble those reported from the carbamates, propham and chlorpropham. Effets mitotiques et structured de la nitraline et de la butraline sur les meristimes racinaires du ray‐grass (Lolium perenne L.) Des solutions saturees de nitraline et de butraline ont étéutilises pour traiter des épillets en germination de Lolium perenne L. var. Manhattan en chambre climatique afin d'évaluer les effets mitotiques et structurels in‐duits, L'examen des changements structurels a montre la suppression de l'élongation racinaire et l'augmentation du diametre racinaire. La reponse a la nitraline a étéobservee aprés une heure tandis qu'une réponse plus faible a été obsérvée avec la butraline apres 12 heures, Les cellules corticales et épidermiques proches de l'apex, traitées avec l'un ou l'autre herbicide, étaient plus grandes et plus vacuolées. Les schemas mitotiques normaux ont étéréduits de 76% et 36% une heure apres un traitement à la nitraline et à la butraline, respectivement. Les schémas de division différaient de faéon marquée entre les 2 herbicides, Les cellules traitées à la nitraline ont formé des cellules avec des nuclei polymorphes avec augmentation du volume nucléaire et du niveau de ploïdie. La butraline a limité le nombre de stades prophasi‐ques mais a augmenté le nombre de nucléi par cellule, aboutissant a une cellule multinucleee, Les effets de la nitraline sur la division cellulaire ressemblent à ceux causés par les autres herbicides dinitroanihnes: trifluraline, oryzalinne, et pendiméthaline, et les effets de la butraline sur la division cellulaire sont plus voisins de ceux rapportés pour les carbamates, prophame et chloroprophame. Wirkungen von Nitralin und Butralin auf Mitose und Struktur des Wurzelmeristems von Deutschem Weidelgras (Lolium perenne L.) Nach der Behandlung keimender Samen von Lolium perenne L. ‘Manhattan’ mit gesattigten ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Elmore

Bayer

1992

Weed Research

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“…Burnside (7) indicated that trifluralin residues persisted for one or more years, and Jacques and Harvey (13) reported that trifluralin residues could be detected 75 to 100 days after application to peas. Sorghum was shown to be one of the most sensitive crops to trifluralin residues (5). In this experiment, trifluralin residues reduced the stand of sorghum by about 44%, suggesting that the sorghum would not be a good double crop to follow peas treated with trifluralin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Weed Control in Double Cropped Corn, Grain Sorghum, or Soybeans Minimum‐Till Planted Following Canning Peas¹

Ndon¹,

Harvey²,

Scholl

1982

Agronomy Journal

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Double cropping involving minimum‐till planting has become popular in many parts of the USA. In Wisconsin, double‐cropping usually includes canning peas (Pisum sativum L.) as the spring crop. Trifluralin (a,a,a‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐p‐toluidine) is used for weed control in much of this pea acreage. Since effects of trifluralin residues alone or in combination with subsequent herbicide treatments on summer crops and weeds were unknown, experiments were conducted at the Univ. of Wisconsin Arlington Farm in 1977 and 1978 on a Plano silt loam (Typic Argiudoll, fine, silty, mixed mesic) with 3.5 to 4.0% organic matter. Corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), and soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were minimum‐till planted following canning peas grown with or without preplant‐incorporated trifluralin. Effects of two herbicide combinations and an untreated control were compared in each of the summer crops. Trifluralin controlled both broadleaf and grass weeds in canning peas but did not increase shelled pea yield. Average weed growth in corn, grain sorghum, and soybeans following peas treated with trifluralin was reduced 52, 52, and 62%, and average grain yields of corn and soybeans were increased 10 and 28%, respectively, compared with the same crops following untreated. peas. Trifluralin residues reduced grain sorghum stands (44%) and yields (17%). Alachlor [2‐chloro‐2′, 6′‐diethyl‐N‐(methoxymethyl) acetanilide] + atrazine [2‐chloro‐4‐(ethylamino)‐6‐(isopropylamino)‐s‐triazine] + paraquat (1,1‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium ion) was more effective in reducing weed growth in minimum‐till corn than alachlor + cyanazine [2‐chloro‐4‐(1‐cyano‐1‐methylethylamino)‐6‐ethylamino‐s‐triazine] + paraquat. There was no significant difference between the two combinations in terms of corn grain yield, however. Alachlor + cyanazine + paraquat following trifluralin in peas resulted in better weed control in minimum‐till corn than a similar treatment applied to corn planted following peas grown without trifluralin. Atrazine + paraquat and 2,4‐D [(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + paraquat also provided excellent weed control in grain sorghum, and alachlor + linuron [3‐(3‐4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1‐methoy‐1‐methylurea] + paraquat, and linuron + paraquat provided excellent weed control and increased grain yields in soybeans when both crops were minimum‐till planted after peas treated with trifluralin. Overall, soybeans appeared to be the most successful of the three crops when minimum‐till double‐cropped following peas under southern Wisconsin conditions.

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“…Monocots are generally more susceptible than dicots [2] . Trifluralin remains localized in the area of contact [18,21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Protein synthesis in trifluralin-treated corn root tips

Camper

Ellers

1989

Plant Growth Regul

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The effect of trifluralin (a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) on protein synthesis in corn (Zea mays) root tips was determined . 14C-leucine uptake and subsequent incorporation into protein in intact and excised root tips was measured . Root tips were treated with and without 15 pM trifluralin for 2 hr ; incorporation of 14 C-leucine was observed during a 20-min interval . Total amino acid content in the soluble pool and protein hydrolysate was reduced in the excised tissue by the herbicide . Kinetic analysis showed trifluralin had no effect on endogenous leucine pool size nor on the rate of protein synthesis in intact tissue . Uptake was unaffected; however, in excised tissue uptake increased 100% over the control . While 14C-leucine content was greater in both the soluble pool and protein in treated, excised root tips, analysis showed the apparent increase in protein synthesis was in response to increased pool size .

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Differential Phytotoxicity of Trifluralin and Nitralin

Cited by 50 publications

References 9 publications

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Weed Control in Double Cropped Corn, Grain Sorghum, or Soybeans Minimum‐Till Planted Following Canning Peas¹

Protein synthesis in trifluralin-treated corn root tips

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Differential Phytotoxicity of Trifluralin and Nitralin

Cited by 50 publications

References 9 publications

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Weed Control in Double Cropped Corn, Grain Sorghum, or Soybeans Minimum‐Till Planted Following Canning Peas1

Protein synthesis in trifluralin-treated corn root tips

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Weed Control in Double Cropped Corn, Grain Sorghum, or Soybeans Minimum‐Till Planted Following Canning Peas¹