Differential Patterns of HPA Activity and Reactivity in Adult Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder

Handwerger, Kathryn

doi:10.1080/10673220902996775

Cited by 101 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…This is called the Hypothalamu-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Cortisol is a reliable indicator of HPA axis functioning and it is well established that cortisol levels are higher among depressed individuals [12,59]. However, research examining the effects of exercise on cortisol in the general population and among depressed individuals is equivocal to date [60,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the prevalence rates of PPD may be underestimated as depressive symptoms show a range in severity and often go undiagnosed and untreated [8][9][10][11]. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) disproportionally affects women aged 20 -44, coinciding with the prime reproductive years and underscoring the importance of identifying preventive and treatment modalities for PPD among this age group [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antenatal physical activity: Investigating the effects on postpartum depression

Guida¹,

Sundaram²,

Leiferman³

2012

Health

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Engaging in regular moderate-intensity physical activity has been demonstrated as a successful treatment modality for both major and minor depression and as effective as pharmacologic treatments. However, less is known about the use of antenatal physical activity as a preventive modality for depression during the perinatal period. The objective of the present study was to determine if there is an association between antenatal physical activity and PPD. A cross-sectional study using the 2007-2008 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from Colorado and North Carolina (N = 6026) was conducted. PRAMS self-reported data are from a large randomized sample collected by the CDC that assesses maternal demographic, socio-economic, and pre-pregnancy and perinatal behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between antenatal sedentary behavior and PPD. Upon adjusting for maternal age, education, race, marital status, parity, stress, smoking, drinking, and prenatal care utilization, women who did not engage in antenatal physical activity were 1.34 times more likely to screen positive for PPD than women who exercised 5 or more days per week [OR 1.34; 95% CI: (1.04, 1.74); p = 0.03]. These findings suggest that not engaging in antenatal exercise may be associated with an increase risk of PPD. Further research is warranted to better understand the effects of antenatal sedentary behavior on PPD and the potential use of physical activity as a preventive modality for PPD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal physical activity: Investigating the effects on postpartum depression

Guida¹,

Sundaram²,

Leiferman³

2012

Health

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“…Our findings of a higher HPA-system sensitivity in more anxious individuals after HF-rTMS applied over the right DLPFC might be especially germane in light of the therapeutic applications of rTMS as a treatment for anxiety disorders and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Cohen et al, 2004;Pallanti and Bernardi, 2009;Zwanzger et al, 2009;Handwerger, 2009;Yue et al, in press). Because of the overwhelming evidence that GABAergic mechanisms regulate neuroendocrine stress responses (Herman et al, 2002;Herman et al, 2004;Kovács et al, 2004;Cullinan et al 2008;Radley et al, 2009) and the importance of GABA receptor involvement in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders (Lydiard, 2003;Nemeroff, 2003;Kalueff and Nutt., 2007), it is tempting to assume that in our study the observed HPA-axis sensitivity to one HF-rTMS session in more anxious females was mediated by the GABA system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline ‘state anxiety’ influences HPA-axis sensitivity to one sham-controlled HF-rTMS session applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Baeken¹,

Vanderhasselt²,

Raedt³

2011

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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2 SummaryAlthough negative results have been reported, an important aspect of the physiology of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) could be related to the endocrinological response of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, such as cortisol secretion. Because endocrinological responses are influenced by anxiety states, this could influence the effect of rTMS in healthy individuals. In this sham-controlled, "single blind" crossover study, we examined whether one session of HF-rTMS could affect the HPA-system, when taking into account individual state anxiety scores based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Twenty-four healthy rTMS naïve females received one sham-controlled high frequency (HF)-rTMS session delivered on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, together with salivary cortisol samples, was collected before, just after and 30 minutes post HF-rTMS. To examine whether state anxiety could influence endocrinological outcome measurements, we administered the STAI-state just before each HF-rTMS experiment started. Based on the POMS questionnaire, no mood changes were observed.Without taking individual state anxiety scores into account, one sham-controlled right-sided HF-rTMS session did not influence the HPA-system. When taking into account individual STAI-state scores, we found that healthy women scoring higher on the STAI-state displayed a significantly more sensitive HPA-system, resulting in salivary cortisol concentration increases after real HF-rTMS, compared to those scoring lower on this anxiety scale. Our results indicate that healthy women scoring high on state anxiety display a more sensitive HPAsystem when receiving one right-sided HF-rTMS session. Our findings suggest that the incorporation of individual anxiety states in experimental rTMS research could add further information about its neurobiological influences on the HPA-system.

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“…However both of these investigations assessed both early life stress and the psychiatric outcome many years after these experiences, introducing the potential for recall bias and limiting researchers' ability to prospectively examine psychobiological developmental processes in response to trauma. Additionally, although both depression and PTSD are stress-sensitive conditions characterized by alterations of the HPA axis, the patterns of HPA activity and reactivity found in PTSD diverge markedly from the patterns found in depression [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Type 1 Receptor Gene (CRHR1) Variants Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Onset and Course in Pediatric Injury Patients

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and disabling anxiety disorder that may occur in the aftermath of exposure to potentially traumatic life events. PTSD is moderately heritable, but few specific molecular variants accounting for this heritability have been identified. Genes regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, such as corticotrophinreleasing hormone type 1 receptor gene (CRHR1), have been implicated in traumatic-stress related phenotypes but have yet to be studied in relation to PTSD. The present study sought to examine the relation between 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRHR1 gene and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a prospective study of pediatric injury patients (n = 103) who were first assessed in the acute aftermath of their injury at the hospital. Results indicated that multiple SNPs were associated with acute symptoms at a univariate level, and after correction for multiple testing, rs12944712 was significantly related to acute PTSD symptoms. Longitudinal latent growth curve analyses suggest that rs12944712 is also related to both acute symptom level and trajectory of symptoms over time. The present study adds support for the role of CRHR1 in the stress response following potentially traumatic event exposure in youth. It should be noted that the sample size in this study was small, and therefore statistical power was low; following, results from this study should be considered preliminary. Although results are not definitive, the findings from this study warrant future replication studies on how variation in this gene relates to response to traumatic event exposure in youth.

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Differential Patterns of HPA Activity and Reactivity in Adult Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder

Cited by 101 publications

References 113 publications

Antenatal physical activity: Investigating the effects on postpartum depression

Antenatal physical activity: Investigating the effects on postpartum depression

Baseline ‘state anxiety’ influences HPA-axis sensitivity to one sham-controlled HF-rTMS session applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Type 1 Receptor Gene (CRHR1) Variants Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Onset and Course in Pediatric Injury Patients

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