Differential PARP Cleavage: An Indication of Heterogeneous Forms of Cell Death and Involvement of Multiple Proteases in the Infarct of Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rat

Abstract

Activation of calpains, cathepsin-b, caspase-3, and granzyme-b correlated with either apoptotic or necrotic cell deaths in cresyl violet staining. The appearance of PARP signature fragments gives a clear idea on the involvement of particular protease in the pathology. Appearance of signature fragments like 89- and 50-kDa indicates the involvement of apoptotic and necrotic cell death in the pathology. Further interaction of AIF and gra-b with PARP also indicates the involvement of non-apoptotic modes of cell death during the pathology of focal cerebral ischemia.

Rimonabant-induced apoptosis in leukemia cell lines: Activation of caspase-dependent and -independent pathways

“…For instance, PARP1 is also a substrate for cathepsins and calpains [35,36]. However, in SR141716-treated U937 cells we did not observe any of the PARP1 fragments known to be produced by these lysosomal proteases (see Fig.…”

Functional Aspects of PARP1 in DNA Repair and Transcription

“…In early apoptosis, PARP1 is one of the first substrates cleaved by caspase 3 and caspase 7 between the second and third zinc-binding domains [57,58], preventing DNA strand-break binding from inducing NAD + catalysis [40,59,60]. In immune responses, cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells release of granzyme A and granzyme B that also target PARP1 [61]. In response to intracellular calcium perturbations, PARP1 may also be cleaved by calpain 1 [61,62].…”

“…In immune responses, cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells release of granzyme A and granzyme B that also target PARP1 [61]. In response to intracellular calcium perturbations, PARP1 may also be cleaved by calpain 1 [61,62]. Furthermore, PARP1 cleavage is also observed in autophagic and necrotic cell death pathways by action of various cathepsins [61,63].…”

Glucopsychosine increases cytosolic calcium to induce calpain-mediated apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells

“…PARP) [36,99]. Calpains are less specific in their substrate candidates and have been reported to inactivate a number of caspases by proteolytic cleavage [100].…”

“…Calpains are less specific in their substrate candidates and have been reported to inactivate a number of caspases by proteolytic cleavage [100]. Caspases have also been implicated in the cleavage of calpastatin from calpains thereby activating them [99].…”