Differential modulation of Th1- and Th2-related cytokine mRNA expression by a synthetic peptide homologous to a conserved domain within retroviral envelope protein.

Haraguchi, Soichi; Good, Robert A.; James-Yarish, Michelle; Cianciolo, George J.; Day, Noorbibi K.

doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3611

Cited by 76 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A synthetic peptide homologous to a conserved domain of p15E, CKS-17, has been shown to be highly immunosuppressive in vitro and in vivo (39)(40)(41). CKS-17 down-regulates tumor necrosis factor-␣ and IL-12 and enhances IL-10 in vitro, suggesting that development of opportunistic infections and͞or progression of retrovirus-induced immunodeficiencies may not require intact replicating virus (30,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR was initiated in the thermal cycler programmed for 95ЊC for 15 s, 56ЊC for 15 s, and 72ЊC for 75 s for 30 cycles. PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis, and the gel was photographed as described previously (30). The negative was scanned with the Multiscan-R (Interactive Technologies International, St. Petersburg, FL), and cytokine mRNA levels were normalized to ␤-actin mRNA levels.…”

Section: Nefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cDNA was made from RNA samples as described previously (30). PCR primers were synthesized using an Applied Biosystems 392 DNA͞RNA synthesizer.…”

Section: Nefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northern blot analyses were performed as described previously (30). Human IL-10 (759-bp BglII͞HindIII fragment of pH5C) and ␤-actin (1.1-kb EcoRI fragment of HHC189) probes were used (30).…”

Section: Nefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro studies show that immunosuppressive retroviral components, such as the highly conserved transmembrane envelope protein p15E of several animal and human retroviruses or its synthetic homologous peptide, CKS-17, may contribute to cytokine dysregulation (30). Since Nef proteins display amino acid sequence homology to p15E (31), it seemed logical to examine the influence of extracellular HIV-1 Nef protein on type 1 and type 2 cytokine expression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin 10 is induced by recombinant HIV-1 Nef protein involving the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase signal transduction pathway

Brigino

Haraguchi

Koutsonikolis

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cDNA was made from RNA samples as described previously (30). PCR primers were synthesized using an Applied Biosystems 392 DNA͞RNA synthesizer.…”

Section: Nefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nefmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Interleukin 10 is induced by recombinant HIV-1 Nef protein involving the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase signal transduction pathway

Brigino

Haraguchi

Koutsonikolis

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Immunosuppressive retroviral peptides: Immunopathological implications for immunosuppressive influences of retroviral infections

Haraguchi

Good

Cianciolo

et al. 1997

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Molecular mechanisms mediated by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in autoimmunity

Balada

Ordi‐Ros

Vilardell‐Tarrés

2009

Reviews in Medical Virology

107

105

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Eight per cent of the human genome is derived from the integration of retroviral sequences that were incorporated in our DNA more than 25 million years ago. Although some of these elements show mutations and deletions, some HERVs are transcriptionally active and produce functional proteins. Different mechanisms have been described which link HERVs to some chronic diseases such as several cancers, nervous system diseases and autoimmune rheumatic and connective tissue diseases. They could cause disease because of their capacity for being moved and inserted next to certain genes whose expression would be consequentially altered. Another way in which disease could potentially arise is when HERV-encoded proteins are expressed. These proteins would be considered as [foreign] and they could trigger B-cells to produce antibodies against them, which, in turn, might cross-react with other proteins of our bodies. This mechanism could give rise to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome (SJS), mixed connective tissue diseases and inflammatory neurological disease. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that HERV-proteins may act as superantigens. Interestingly, some environmental agents seem to induce the expression of HERVs. Thus, ultraviolet light and several chemical agents could reactivate such sequences by altering their structure without modifying their nucleotide composition when the methylation pattern is changed. Therefore, the epigenetic changes observed in pathological conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or cancer could be translated into an effect on the activation of some of the retroelements present in our genome which ultimately could have a direct or indirect role on the initiation and clinical evolution of certain chronic diseases.

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Differential modulation of Th1- and Th2-related cytokine mRNA expression by a synthetic peptide homologous to a conserved domain within retroviral envelope protein.

Abstract: The influence of a synthetic retroviral peptide, CKS-17, on T helper type 1 (Thl)-or Th2-related cytokines was investigated in human blood mononuclear cells. Cells were stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin

Cited by 76 publications

References 40 publications

Interleukin 10 is induced by recombinant HIV-1 Nef protein involving the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase signal transduction pathway

Interleukin 10 is induced by recombinant HIV-1 Nef protein involving the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase signal transduction pathway

Immunosuppressive retroviral peptides: Immunopathological implications for immunosuppressive influences of retroviral infections

Molecular mechanisms mediated by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in autoimmunity

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