Differential metabolic and electrical activity in the somatic sensory cortex of juvenile and adult rats

Dr, Riddle; Gutiérrez, Gabriel M.; Zheng, D; White, LE; Richards, Andrew; Purves, Dale

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-10-04193.1993

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…were harvested for CGRP receptor autoradiography (unfixed), HE staining (4% PFA), muscle and capillary ATPase histochemistry (2% PFA) and succinatedehydrogenase staining (unfixed) as described (Riddle et al, 1993, Rosenblatt et al, 1987.…”

Section: Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous α‐calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide promotes exercise‐induced, physiological heart hypertrophy in mice

Schuler

Rieger

et al. 2014

Acta Physiologica

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AIM: It is unknown how the heart distinguishes various overloads, such as exercise or hypertension, causing either physiological or pathological hypertrophy. We hypothesize that alpha-calcitoningene-related peptide (CGRP), known to be released from contracting skeletal muscles, is key at this remodelling. METHODS: The hypertrophic effect of CGRP was measured in vitro (cultured cardiac myocytes) and in vivo (magnetic resonance imaging) in mice. Exercise performance was assessed by determination of maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion. Cardiac phenotype was defined by transcriptional analysis, cardiac histology and morphometry. Finally, we measured spontaneous activity, body fat content, blood volume, haemoglobin mass and skeletal muscle capillarization and fibre composition. RESULTS: While CGRP exposure yielded larger cultured cardiac myocytes, exercise-induced heart hypertrophy was completely abrogated by treatment with the peptide antagonist CGRP(8-37). Exercise performance was attenuated in CGRP(-/-) mice or CGRP(8-37) treated wild-type mice but improved in animals with higher density of cardiac CGRP receptors (CLR-tg). Spontaneous activity, body fat content, blood volume, haemoglobin mass, muscle capillarization and fibre composition were unaffected, whereas heart index and ventricular myocyte volume were reduced in CGRP(-/-) mice and elevated in CLR-tg. Transcriptional changes seen in CGRP(-/-) (but not CLR-tg) hearts resembled maladaptive cardiac phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Alpha-calcitonin-gene-related peptide released by skeletal muscles during exercise is a hitherto unrecognized effector directing the strained heart into physiological instead of pathological adaptation. Thus, CGRP agonists might be beneficial in heart failure patients. AbstractAim: It is unknown how the heart distinguishes various overloads, such as exercise or hypertension, causing either physiological or pathological hypertrophy. We hypothesize that alpha calcitonin gene-related peptide (!CGRP), known to be released from contracting skeletal muscles, is key at this remodeling. Methods:The hypertrophic effect of !CGRP was measured in vitro (cultured cardiac myocytes) and in vivo (magnetic resonance imaging) in mice. Exercise performance was assessed by determination of maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion. Cardiac phenotype was defined by transcriptional analysis, cardiac histology and morphometry.Finally, we measured spontaneous activity, body fat content, blood volume, hemoglobin mass and skeletal muscle capillarization and fiber composition.Results: While !CGRP exposure yielded larger cultured cardiac myocytes exercise-induced heart hypertrophy was completely abrogated by treatment with the peptide antagonist CGRP(8-37). Exercise performance was attenuated in !CGRP -/-mice or CGRP(8-37) treated wild type mice but improved in animals with higher density of cardiac CGRP receptors (CLR-tg). Spontaneous activity, body fat content, blood volume, hemoglobin mass, muscle capillarization and fiber compositio...

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Section: Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous α‐calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide promotes exercise‐induced, physiological heart hypertrophy in mice

Schuler

Rieger

et al. 2014

Acta Physiologica

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“…After these brass disks were frozen to Ϫ20°C, two 20-m and two 10-m sections were cut from the 500-m-thick brain sections in a cryomicrotome at the same temperature and transferred to polylysine (Sigma) precoated slides. One of the 20-m sections obtained from each brass disk was stained for the activity of succinate dehydrogenase with the use of NBT, as described by Riddle et al 20 The other 20-m section was stained by the newly developed silver infarct staining (SIS) method, as described below. The 10-m sections were stained by H&E or Nissl after they were treated with a 4% formaldehyde solution for 5 minutes…”

Section: Histology (Ttc Nbt Hande Nissl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Delineation of Ischemic Tissue in Rat Brain Cryosections by High-Contrast Staining

Vogel

Möbius

Kuschinsky

1999

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-After short periods of ischemia, commonly used staining methods yield only moderate differences in optical contrast between normal and damaged brain tissue when gray-scale images are used for computer-assisted image analysis. We describe a high-contrast silver infarct staining (SIS) method that allows an early delineation of ischemic tissue as soon as 2 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rat brain cryosections. Methods-Rats were subjected to permanent MCAO for 2, 4, 6, and 48 hours. The optical densities were quantified in nonischemic white and gray matter and in damaged tissue from gray-scale images of serial sections with the use of a video camera-based image analyzing system. SIS, hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and nitroblue tetrazolium stainings were performed in cryosections, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride (TTC) staining was performed in unfrozen vibratome sections. In addition, the range of reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in areas demarcated by SIS was determined in iodo[ 14 C]antipyrine autoradiograms of adjacent cryosections. Results-At all times after MCAO, only SIS showed significantly (PϽ0.01) lower optical densities in damaged than in normal brain tissue for both white and gray matter. TTC staining was as effective as SIS 6 and 48 hours after MCAO. The tightest correlation between areas of reduced SIS and of reduced CBF was found at a mean ischemic CBF of 22.3 mL/100 g per minute. This corresponds to a CBF range of 0 to 44 mL/100 g per minute in areas of reduced SIS. Conclusions-In contrast to other staining methods, SIS allows a reliable delineation of ischemic brain tissue (core plus penumbra) from nonischemic white and gray matter of rat brain cryosections as soon as 2 hours after MCAO. (Stroke. 1999;30:1134-1141.)

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“…Several histochemical and enzymatic stains including cytochrome oxidase (CO), succinate dehydrogenase, ATPase, and NADPH-diaphorase are capable of revealing the center or "hollow" of individual barrels (Wong-Riley and Welt, 1980;Land and Simons, 1985;Riddle et al, 1993;Franca and Volchan, 1995;Simpson et al, 2003). Immunoreactivity to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has also been used to demonstrate the GABAergic profiles of these structured neuronal subpopulations in barrel field cortex (Lin et al, 1985;Chmielowska et al, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of neurochemically specific projections from the locus coeruleus with respect to somatosensory‐related barrels

2006

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Tactile information from the rodent mystacial vibrissae is relayed through the ascending trigeminal somatosensory system. At each level of this pathway, the whiskers are represented by a unique pattern of dense cell aggregates, which in layer IV of cortex are known as "barrels." Afferent inputs from the dorsal thalamus have been demonstrated repeatedly to correspond rather precisely with this modular organization. However, axonal innervation patterns from other brain regions such as the noradrenergic locus coeruleus are less clear. A previous report has suggested that norepinephrine-containing fibers are concentrated in the center/hollow of the barrel, while other studies have emphasized a more random distribution of monoaminergic projections. To address this issue more directly, individual tissue sections were histochemically processed for cytochrome oxidase in combination with dopamine-␤-hydroxylase, the synthesizing enzyme for norepinephrine, or the neuropeptide galanin. These two neuroactive agents were of particular interest because they colocalize in a majority of locus coeruleus neurons and terminals. Our data indicate that discrete concentrations or local arrays of dopamine-␤-hydroxylase-or galanin-immunoreactive fibers are not apparent within the cores of individual barrels. As such, the data suggest that cortical inputs from the locus coeruleus are not patterned according to cytoarchitectural landmarks or the neurochemical identity of coeruleocortical efferents. While transmitter-specific actions of norepinephrine and/or galanin may not be derived from the laminar/spatial connections of locus coeruleus axons, the possibility remains that the release of these substances may mediate distinctive events through the localization of different receptor subclasses, or the contact of their terminals onto cells with certain morphological characteristics or ultrastructural components.

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Differential metabolic and electrical activity in the somatic sensory cortex of juvenile and adult rats

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Endogenous α‐calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide promotes exercise‐induced, physiological heart hypertrophy in mice

Endogenous α‐calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide promotes exercise‐induced, physiological heart hypertrophy in mice

Early Delineation of Ischemic Tissue in Rat Brain Cryosections by High-Contrast Staining

Characterization of neurochemically specific projections from the locus coeruleus with respect to somatosensory‐related barrels

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