Differential localization of inferior olivary neurons projecting to the tecto-olivo-recipient zones of lobule VII or crus II in the rat cerebellum

Akaike, Tadashi

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90180-0

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A face representation was also found medially within the paramedian lobule (area 1) in agreement with previous physiological studies of climbing-fibre-mediated trigeminal inputs to the rat cerebellum (e.g. Armstrong and Drew, 1980;Akaike, 1986). Although the early classic studies of somatotopical organisation in cat predated the characterisation of cerebellar responses as either mossy fibre or climbing fibre in origin, it is noteworthy that a face receiving area located in the medial part of rostral paramedian lobule was described in the monkey (Snider and Eldred, 1952).…”

Section: Somatotopy Within the Cerebellar Cortexsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although a number of singleunit studies of climbing fibre responses have been carried out (e.g., Logan and Robertson, 1986;Mulle et al, 1987), few investigations have charted the distribution of climbing fibre field potentials generated as a result of peripheral stimulation of different body parts. Such studies have been confined largely to investigations of trigemino-and tectoolivocerebellar pathways (e.g., Armstrong and Drew, 1980;Akaike, 1986), and only very limited data are available regarding the localisation of climbing fibre field potentials evoked by limb stimulation. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to use both electrophysiological field potential recording techniques and anatomical retrograde tracer methods to test for the presence of a somatotopical organisation within the climbing fibre input to the rat cerebellum and to examine how this organisation may relate to a zonal organisation within the olivocerebellar projection.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Somatotopical organisation within the climbing fibre projection to the paramedian lobule and copula pyramidis of the rat cerebellum

Atkins

Apps

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The climbing fibre projection to the paramedian lobule (lobule VII) and the copula pyramidis (lobule VIII) in the posterior lobe of the rat cerebellum was investigated in pentobarbitone-anaesthetised animals. Percutaneous electrical stimulation generated climbing fibre field potentials on the cerebellar surface that indicated a somatotopical organisation into five distinct cortical areas. Each area was identified by the site(s) of peripheral stimulation that evoked the largest response within that area, and from medial to lateral the cortex was subdivided as follows [principal site(s) of stimulation in parentheses with corresponding range of onset latencies]: in the paramedian lobule, area 1 (contralateral face, 17-18 ms), area 2 (ipsilateral forelimb, 10-15 ms) and area 3 (ipsi- and contralateral forelimbs, 16-26 ms and 15-30 ms, respectively); and in the copula pyramidis, area 4 (tail, 17-21 ms) and area 5 (ipsilateral hindlimb, 13-19 ms). In additional retrograde tracer experiments, small volumes of fluorescent-tagged beads were injected into each of the different areas and the location of retrogradely labelled olive cells was mapped. By comparison with other species, the results indicate that in the paramedian lobule area 1 corresponds to zone A2; area 2 corresponds, at least in part, to medial C1; and area 3 corresponds to C2; in addition, farther laterally, a C3 zone may be present. In the copula pyramidis, areas 4 and 5 correspond to subzones of medial C1. Overall, the results support the view that a general principle of cerebellar cortical organisation is a division into parasagittal zones, each characterised by its somatotopically organised climbing fibre input that arises from a specific, rostrocaudally oriented column of cells within the inferior olivary nucleus.

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Section: Somatotopy Within the Cerebellar Cortexsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatotopical organisation within the climbing fibre projection to the paramedian lobule and copula pyramidis of the rat cerebellum

Atkins

Apps

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…However, the question of exactly which cortical areas to record from has yet to be resolved. As indicated in Fig 9, Akaike [62], [63], [72], [100] described two apparently separated TOR regions arranged rostro-caudally in the paravermis from lobule VIa to VII. Brief references are also made by Akaike [63] to a third region in the paramedian lobule (Fig 9).…”

Section: Dicussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The medial TOR area appears similar in location to the oculomotor vermis of cats and primates. In contrast, the lateral TOR areas in zone A2 (the paravermal part of lobules VI and VII) do not have an equivalent in cat or primate, and the olivary cells that project to them are distinct from those that project to the mTOR area [62], [63], [72], [73]. The laterally projecting olivary cells appear to convey vibrissal information, relayed at least in part from the superior colliculus [74], [75].The precise nature of the information is unknown, but recordings from neurons throughout the inferior olive in awake cats have suggested that many "function as somatic event detectors responding particularly reliably to unexpected stimuli" ([76], p.40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Internal Model Architecture for Novelty Detection: Implications for Cerebellar and Collicular Roles in Sensory Processing

et al. 2012

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The cerebellum is thought to implement internal models for sensory prediction, but details of the underlying circuitry are currently obscure. We therefore investigated a specific example of internal-model based sensory prediction, namely detection of whisker contacts during whisking. Inputs from the vibrissae in rats can be affected by signals generated by whisker movement, a phenomenon also observable in whisking robots. Robot novelty-detection can be improved by adaptive noise-cancellation, in which an adaptive filter learns a forward model of the whisker plant that allows the sensory effects of whisking to be predicted and thus subtracted from the noisy sensory input. However, the forward model only uses information from an efference copy of the whisking commands. Here we show that the addition of sensory information from the whiskers allows the adaptive filter to learn a more complex internal model that performs more robustly than the forward model, particularly when the whisking-induced interference has a periodic structure. We then propose a neural equivalent of the circuitry required for adaptive novelty-detection in the robot, in which the role of the adaptive filter is carried out by the cerebellum, with the comparison of its output (an estimate of the self-induced interference) and the original vibrissal signal occurring in the superior colliculus, a structure noted for its central role in novelty detection. This proposal makes a specific prediction concerning the whisker-related functions of a region in cerebellar cortical zone A2 that in rats receives climbing fibre input from the superior colliculus (via the inferior olive). This region has not been observed in non-whisking animals such as cats and primates, and its functional role in vibrissal processing has hitherto remained mysterious. Further investigation of this system may throw light on how cerebellar-based internal models could be used in broader sensory, motor and cognitive contexts.

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“…For example, the responses evoked by M2 stimulation may be explained by its direct projections to the superior colliculus. The superior colliculus, in turn, has been shown in a range of species to project to the caudal medial accessory olive (cMAO) (monkey: Frankfurter et al, 1976, 1977; Harting, 1977, cat: Jeneskog, 1983; Kyuhou and Matsuzaki, 1991; Weber et al, 1978, rabbit: Holstege and Collewijn, 1982, rat: Akaike, 1985; Hess, 1982; Swenson and Castro, 1983), and cMAO (subnucleus c) in turn provides the main climbing fibre input to vermal lobule VII (Apps, 1990; Gwyn et al, 1977; Sugita et al, 1989, see also Akaike, 1985, 1986, 1992; Hess, 1982). On the other hand, the periaqueductal grey is a potential candidate as a site of relay between PrL and cerebellar vermal lobule VII because it also has connections with cMAO (Swenson and Castro, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological mapping of novel prefrontal - cerebellar pathways

Watson

Jones

Apps

2009

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Whilst the cerebellum is predominantly considered a sensorimotor control structure, accumulating evidence suggests that it may also subserve non-motor functions during cognition. However, this possibility is not universally accepted, not least because the nature and pattern of links between higher cortical structures and the cerebellum are poorly characterized. We have therefore used in vivo electrophysiological methods in anaesthetized rats to directly investigate connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic subdivision, PrL) and the cerebellum. Stimulation of deep layers of PrL evoked distinct field potentials in the cerebellar cortex with a mean latency to peak of approximately 35 ms. These responses showed a well-defined topography, and were maximal in lobule VII of the contralateral vermis (a known oculomotor centre); they were not attenuated by local anaesthesia of the overlying M2 motor cortex, though M2 stimulation did evoke field potentials in lobule VII with a shorter latency (approximately 30 ms). Single unit recordings showed that prelimbic cortical stimulation elicits complex spikes in lobule VII Purkinje cells, indicating transmission via a previously undescribed cerebro-olivocerebellar pathway. Our results therefore establish a physiological basis for communication between PrL and the cerebellum. The role(s) of this pathway remain to be resolved, but presumably relate to control of eye movements and/or distributed networks associated with integrated prefrontal cortical functions.

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Differential localization of inferior olivary neurons projecting to the tecto-olivo-recipient zones of lobule VII or crus II in the rat cerebellum

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Somatotopical organisation within the climbing fibre projection to the paramedian lobule and copula pyramidis of the rat cerebellum

Somatotopical organisation within the climbing fibre projection to the paramedian lobule and copula pyramidis of the rat cerebellum

An Internal Model Architecture for Novelty Detection: Implications for Cerebellar and Collicular Roles in Sensory Processing

Electrophysiological mapping of novel prefrontal - cerebellar pathways

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