Abstract:Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when individuals at the same level on the trait(s) or construct(s) being assessed but from different subpopulations have unequal probabilities of attaining a given score on the item. Methods for investigating DIF have been developed for both dichotomously and polytomously scored items. These methods may be classified by whether they condition on an unobserved or observed variable. Item response theory, logistic regression, Mantel–Haenszel (MH), and SIBTEST procedures … Show more
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