Differential intestinal and oral microbiota features associated with gestational diabetes and maternal inflammation

Abstract

Maternal microbiota is involved in many metabolic diseases. However, its role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. In this case-control study, we performed a 16S rRNA sequencing-based microbial survey to compare the intestinal and oral microflora at third trimester during pregnancy between 30 GDM and 31 normal controls. Sequentially, a correlation-based network analysis was further performed to explore the interactions among microbiota, maternal and infant blood sugar, and inflammatory markers. Our results show that, compared with controls, the GDM cases showed significant differences in β-diversity and increased Gammaproteobacteria and Hemophilus in intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the GDM cases showed lower α-diversity, increased Selenomonas and Bifidobacterium, and decreased Fusobacteria and Leptotrichia in oral microbiota. The ROC curve showed the area under the curve to be equal to 0.70 and 0.66 when using oral Leptotrichia or gut Hemophilus, respectively, to predict GDM status. In addition, the components and topography of microbial cooccurrence and coexclusion network were quite distinct by GDM status. In summary, intestinal and oral microorganisms in pregnant women are closely related to the status of GDM in the third trimester of pregnancy. The changes of intestinal and oral microbial features may be noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring the health management of GDM pregnancy.

The Effect of Transitioning between Feeding Methods on the Gut Microbiota Dynamics of Yaks on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

“…This indicates that the dominant microbiota become stable within 16 days. A previous study suggested that Erysipelotrichia and Gammaproteobacteria are closely related to an inflammatory response [43,44], while Mollicutes have been reported to have potential pathogenicity [34]. As previously discussed, the change in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria may be related to gut microbiota self-regulation.…”

Fundamental Concepts and Novel Aspects of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Expert Consensus Resolutions

“…In the following months, the variability of microorganisms decreases, and there is an increase in the populations of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria ; Bifidobacteria belong to the latter and play a pivotal role in the defense against pathogenic bacteria, in strengthening the intestinal barrier, and in the nutrients' metabolism. The intestine of a pregnant woman can become more permeable favoring the so-called “bacterial translocation” so that the fetus can come into contact with microorganisms of maternal origin (microbes have been found in the blood of the umbilical cord, in the amniotic fluid, and even in the meconium) ( 102 – 104 ). Furthermore, according to the most widespread theories, the baby's intestine is colonized during childbirth by the bacteria of the maternal microbiota.…”

“…This imbalance can also lead to a greater absorption of calories with a consequent weight increase of the pregnant woman and a greater risk of developing GDM. Even the newborn could more easily develop childhood diabetes, allergies, and childhood obesity ( 102 – 104 ).…”

Association between changes in salivary microbiota with glucose levels during pregnancy – findings from a pilot study

“…Contrary to the significant changes from late pregnancy to postpartum, no significant variations were found between GDM patients and healthy controls, whether in their third trimester or postpartum, when measured by alpha and beta diversity indexes [24]. However, in another study by Yajuan Xu et al, a significant decrease in salivary microbiota in alpha diversity was found in GDM patients when compared with healthy controls [23]. Given the limitation of the small number of GDM patients in our study, the association between GDM and oral microbiota needs to be further explored.…”

“…Obesity is related to the diversity and structure of the salivary microbiome [22]. The oral microbiota could coordinate with glucose metabolism during pregnancy, considering the varying degrees of associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the saliva microbiota [23][24][25].…”