“…The common concept of interactivity entails a sense of connection with users and making information available to them; interactivity has been considered a value vital to successful communication, marketing, advertising, web design, and mobile commerce (Cyr, Head, & Ivanov, 2009;Goggin & Spurgeon, 2007;Lee, 2005;Macias, 2003;Teo, Oh, & Liu, 2003). Previous researchers found that web interactivity and mobile interactivity affected e-retailers' operational performance (Gu, Oh, & Wang, 2013). Furthermore, interactivity has been shown to have both cognitive or utilitarian (e.g., Kim & Niehm, 2009;Sicilia, Ruiz, & Munuera, 2005) and affective or hedonic (e.g., Koufaris, 2002;Menon & Kahn, 2002;Yoo, Lee, & Park, 2010) effects.…”