Differential Impact of Lactose/Lactase Phenotype on Colonic Microflora

Szilagyi, Andrew; Shrier, Ian; Heilpern, Debra; Je, Jung Sung; Park, Sunghoon; Chong, George; Lalonde, Catherine; Cote, Louis-Francois; Lee, Byong

doi:10.1155/2010/649312

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The disjoint between a positive breath test for malabsorption and symptom presentation appears to parallel the situation with lactose intolerance; only one‐third to one‐half of individuals who malabsorb lactose will develop symptoms of intolerance, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, or bloating . Major factors that may contribute to whether an individual who malabsorbs carbohydrate is symptomatic include the following: the amount of the problem carbohydrate consumed in the diet and the form in which it is consumed (as sugar loads in breath testing are often far higher than physiological doses and deliver the carbohydrate in pure form rather than as a component of a food); the composition of the subject's intestinal flora and the adaptation of the colonic flora to malabsorption; and, possibly, a psychosomatic component . Despite these issues, due to the unreliability of patient reporting of a correlation between symptoms and lactose ingestion, the lactose BHT has continued to be recommended and widely used in children and adults .…”

Section: Breath Hydrogen Testing Principles and Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,30 Major factors that may contribute to whether an individual who malabsorbs carbohydrate is symptomatic include the following: the amount of the problem carbohydrate consumed in the diet and the form in which it is consumed (as sugar loads in breath testing are often far higher than physiological doses and deliver the carbohydrate in pure form rather than as a component of a food); the composition of the subject's intestinal flora and the adaptation of the colonic flora to malabsorption; and, possibly, a psychosomatic component. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Despite these issues, due to the unreliability of patient reporting of a correlation between symptoms and lactose ingestion, 31,38 the lactose BHT has continued to be recommended and widely used in children and adults. 6,30 The same factors are likely to influence the relationship between fructose BHT interpretation, malabsorption, and intolerance, 13,16 but this will require further study.…”

Section: Breath Hydrogen Testing Principles and Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental changes and fructose absorption in children: effect on malabsorption testing and dietary management

et al. 2013

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Fructose malabsorption came to prominence in the pediatric arena as so-called "apple juice diarrhea," with excess consumption of fructose being linked to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. Over the past two decades the amount of fructose in children's diets has been increasing in the United States. A test for fructose malabsorption has yet to be fully validated, due mainly to the lack of an established etiology. In animal models, however, the fructose transporter GLUT5 is developmentally regulated, and this could be consistent with the greater susceptibility of children, especially toddlers, to fructose malabsorption. Additionally, the available evidence indicates the fructose breath hydrogen test has no apparent diagnostic utility in infants younger than 1 year; it may, therefore, be advisable to test for malabsorption by dietary exclusion in these patients. The present review aims to expound on the biological basis for fructose malabsorption in children and evaluate the current evidence for diagnostic procedures in order to identify clinical testing strategies that can be recommended and areas where further investigation is required.

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Section: Breath Hydrogen Testing Principles and Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breath Hydrogen Testing Principles and Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental changes and fructose absorption in children: effect on malabsorption testing and dietary management

et al. 2013

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“…According to human studies, lactose supplementation is able to exert prebiotic effects such as increase of intestinal beneficial bacteria (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) (Szilagyi et al 2010), higher production of SCFA (Szilagyi 2004) and inhibition of potential pathogenic bacteria such as clostridia (Szilagyi 2004) only in lactose intolerant people and not in lactose digesters (discerned by the breath-hydrogen analysis), even at relative high-dose supplementations (50 g/day for 2 weeks; Szilagyi et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of lactose on faecal bacterial populations and metabolites and apparent total tract digestibility in adult dogs

Grandi

Pinna

Bonaldo

et al. 2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The effect of increasing dietary doses of lactose on canine faecal microbiota and apparent digestibility was evaluated. Fourteen adult healthy dogs [1-5 years of age, mean body weight (BW) of 19.0 kg] were fed with an extruded diet containing silica (5 g/kg) as a digestion marker. After a 20 d adaptation period, increasing doses of lactose were added to the dogs' diet (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg BW 0.75 /d) during three consecutive 20-d supplementation periods. Faeces were collected at the end of each period for analyses. Four dogs refused the diet added with lactose at 0.5 g/kg BW 0.75 /d and were excluded from the trial, as well as two dogs, which developed acute diarrhoea when lactose was fed at 1 g/kg BW 0.75 /d. Conversely, eight dogs remained healthy throughout the study. Faecal moisture was influenced by lactose (quadratic, p ¼ .001), while faecal pH and ammonia were not affected by treatments. Lactose supplementations tended to linearly decrease isovalerate (p ¼ .051) and quadratically influence n-valerate (p ¼ .056) in canine faeces. No changes in faecal microbial populations were observed. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, Ca, K, Mn and Fe was influenced by lactose supplementation (quadratic, p < .05). Increasing doses of lactose linearly decreased Mg digestibility (p < .05). Furthermore, coefficients of crude protein, crude ash, P, Mg and Zn digestibility were tendentially affected (quadratic, p ¼ .055, .089, .091, .065 and .065, respectively). In conclusion, 8 of 14 dogs displayed a good tolerance (absence of gastrointestinal signs) up to the highest dose of lactose (2 g/kg BW 0.75 /d). An evident prebiotic effect was not observed. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The human gut contains a significant number of different bacteria, which are potential contributors to the total fecal GAL-activity [34,35]. Measurement of GAL activity therefore represents an alternative indicator of fecal contamination than the traditional culturable coliforms, FC or E. coli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of β-d-Galactosidase Activity as a Surrogate Parameter for Rapid Detection of Sewage Contamination in Urban Recreational Water

Tryland

Braathen

Wennberg

et al. 2016

Water

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Simple, automated methods are required for rapid detection of wastewater contamination in urban recreational water. The activity of the enzyme β-D-galactosidase (GAL) can rapidly (<2 h) be measured by field instruments, or a fully automated instrument, and was evaluated as a potential surrogate parameter for estimating the level of fecal contamination in urban waters. The GAL-activity in rivers, affected by combined sewer overflows, increased significantly during heavy rainfall, and the increase in GAL-activity correlated well with the increase in fecal indicator bacteria. The GAL activity in human feces (n = 14) was high (mean activity 7ˆ10 7 ppb MU/hour) and stable (1 LOG 10 variation), while the numbers of Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci varied by >5 LOG 10 . Furthermore, the GAL-activity per gram feces from birds, sheep and cattle was 2-3 LOG 10 lower than the activity from human feces, indicating that high GAL-activity in water may reflect human fecal pollution more than the total fecal pollution. The rapid method can only be used to quantify high levels of human fecal pollution, corresponding to about 0.1 mg human feces/liter (or 10 3 E. coli/100 mL), since below this limit GAL-activity from non-fecal environmental sources may interfere.

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Differential Impact of Lactose/Lactase Phenotype on Colonic Microflora

Cited by 44 publications

References 51 publications

Developmental changes and fructose absorption in children: effect on malabsorption testing and dietary management

Developmental changes and fructose absorption in children: effect on malabsorption testing and dietary management

Effects of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of lactose on faecal bacterial populations and metabolites and apparent total tract digestibility in adult dogs

Monitoring of β-d-Galactosidase Activity as a Surrogate Parameter for Rapid Detection of Sewage Contamination in Urban Recreational Water

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