Differential Impact of Experienced and Anticipated Discrimination on Sleep and Health Among Sexual Minorities

Chan, Kevin Ka Shing; Fung, Winnie Tsz Wa

doi:10.1007/s10508-021-01981-2

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Previous studies have found that sexual identity stressors could contribute to mental health disparities among sexual minorities (Chan et al, 2020; Chan & Fung, in press; Chan & Leung, 2021; Meyer, 2003; Hatzenbuehler, 2009). Expanding upon this work, our study revealed that, in addition to the difficult process of sexual identity development, the unpleasant feelings of acceptance concern, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, and sexuality concealment were linked to lower levels of emotional, psychological, and social well-being among LGB individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, our study was based on a Chinese sample, which limited the generalizability of our findings. Given prior research showing differences between the Chinese collectivist and Western individualist cultures in the prevalence and pervasiveness of sexual identity stress (Chan & Fung, in press; Chan & Leung, 2021; Huang et al, 2020), future researchers should further validate our psychological flexibility model in different cultural contexts in order to establish its universal applicability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite global efforts to improve societal acceptance of homosexuality and bisexuality, the public stigma against lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals continues to prevail (Chan et al, 2020; Meyer, 2003). Research shows that societal negative attitudes toward LGB individuals are prevalent and pervasive in different cultures (Chan & Fung, in press; Hatzenbuehler, 2009). Due to their same-sex romantic interests, LGB individuals are often considered as immoral, sinful, and warranting punishment (Herek, 2004; Hu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Background and Objectives Of The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, such research may be particularly imperative and urgently needed in the Chinese communities, given that sexual identity stress may be more prevalent and pervasive in the Chinese collectivistic culture (Chong et al, 2015): As Chinese culture emphasizes family lineage, many Chinese LGB individuals may be blamed for not fulfilling the social expectation of procreation and continuing the family bloodline (Huang et al, 2020). Also, as Chinese culture places great importance on social acceptance, many Chinese LGB individuals may have a high sensitivity to societal stigma against themselves (Chan & Fung, in press). Once they are criticized or discriminated by others, they may promptly suffer elevated distress (Chan & Leung, 2021).…”

Section: Background and Objectives Of The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of psychological flexibility on sexual identity stress and well-being among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.

Chan¹,

Yip²

2021

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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Sexual identity stress may damage the well-being of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, but limited research has examined the potential protective factors in this context. The present study addressed this research gap by testing a psychological flexibility model of sexual identity development and positive mental health among LGB individuals. We hypothesized that psychological flexibility would be associated with greater engaged living (i.e., valued living and life fulfillment), which would, in turn, be linked to lower sexual identity stress (i.e., identity uncertainty, acceptance concern, internalized homonegativity, sexuality concealment, and difficult process of identity development) and then better well-being (i.e., emotional, psychological, and social well-being). A total of 401 LGB individuals completed questionnaire measures of psychological flexibility, engaged living, sexual identity stress, and well-being. Structural equation modeling showed that psychological flexibility was related to greater engaged living, which was, in turn, related to lower sexual identity stress and then better wellbeing. Bootstrap analyses further revealed that psychological flexibility had significant indirect effects on sexual identity stress via engaged living and on well-being via engaged living and sexual identity stress. In addition, multigroup analyses demonstrated that the mediation model held across women and men and across lesbian/gay and bisexual individuals. Theoretically, this study elucidated how psychological flexibility could enable LGB individuals to reduce sexual identity stress and improve well-being through living a valuable and fulfilling life. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of psychological flexibility training in facilitating LGB individuals to develop a positive sexual identity and enhance positive mental health. Public Policy Relevance StatementThis study revealed the adverse effects of sexual identity stressors on emotional, psychological, and social well-being among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals and demonstrated how the stressors and associated adverse outcomes could be mitigated through the means of psychological flexibility. Given the salutary effects of psychological flexibility against sexual identity stressors, the provision of psychological flexibility training, such as acceptance and commitment therapy, may represent one important way to help LGB individuals develop a positive sexual identity and enhance positive mental health. aaa D espite global efforts to improve societal acceptance of homosexuality and bisexuality, the public stigma against lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals continues to prevail (Chan et al., 2020;Meyer, 2003). Research shows that societal negative attitudes toward LGB individuals are prevalent and pervasive in different cultures (Chan & Fung, in press; This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individua...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Objectives Of The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Objectives Of The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The impact of psychological flexibility on sexual identity stress and well-being among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.

Chan¹,

Yip²

2021

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Nevertheless, it is worth noting that this study focused solely on job discrimination experiences and only 1% of women who had encountered job discrimination reported experiencing discrimination related to sexual orientation. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated that more discrimination experiences were linked to greater sleep problems among sexual minority individuals (Chan & Fung, 2021; Layland et al, 2022). Overall, discrimination experiences that sexual and racial minority people encounter may contribute to poorer sleep and increased daytime sleepiness.…”

Section: Daytime Sleepinessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sexual orientation and race in daytime sleepiness among cisgender individuals: Roles of discrimination and depressive symptoms.

Oh,

Potter,

Patterson

2024

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Experienced discrimination and internalized stigma among people infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and surviving COVID‐19: Association with anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms

Lasalvia,

Bodini,

Pace

et al. 2024

Journal Community Psychology

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People surviving COVID‐19 may experience social stigma related to their condition even after clinical recovery. This study aimed to: (1) investigate COVID‐19‐related experienced discrimination and internalized stigma, and (2) explore their association with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. We conducted an online survey of people who survived COVID‐19. Perception of stigma was assessed using the COVID‐19 Experienced Discrimination Scale and the COVID‐19 Internalized Stigma Scale. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were assessed using, respectively, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, the General Anxiety Disorder Scale‐7, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Multivariable logistic regression analyses for each psychopathological domain were performed. A total of 579 participants participated in this study. Overall, 25% reported some degree of experienced discrimination, and 23% reported some degree of internalized stigma. Adjusted odds ratio showed that scoring higher on internalized stigma related significantly to higher symptoms of depression (2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–3.39), anxiety (2.30; 95% CI, 1.48–3.59), and insomnia (2.54; 95% CI, 1.64–3.95), whereas experienced discrimination was associated to anxiety (1.55; 95% CI, 1.06–2.28) and insomnia (1.82; 95% CI, 1.24–2.69). Experiences of social stigmatization are frequent among people surviving COVID‐19 and seem to be associated with levels of psychological disturbances. Further research is required to elucidate the direction of these relationships to implement effective treatment strategies.

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Differential Impact of Experienced and Anticipated Discrimination on Sleep and Health Among Sexual Minorities

Cited by 16 publications

References 71 publications

The impact of psychological flexibility on sexual identity stress and well-being among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.

The impact of psychological flexibility on sexual identity stress and well-being among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.

Sexual orientation and race in daytime sleepiness among cisgender individuals: Roles of discrimination and depressive symptoms.

Experienced discrimination and internalized stigma among people infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and surviving COVID‐19: Association with anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms

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