Differential immunity in pigs with high and low responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection1,2

Petry, D. B.; Lunney, Joan K.; Boyd, P.C; Kuhar, Daniel; Blankenship, Erin E.; Johnson, R. K.

doi:10.2527/jas.2006-721

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This was investigated in a recent study (Petry et al, 2007), which compared expression levels of 11 immune genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity between pigs classified as high and low responders to PRRSV according to clinical and lesions symptoms from the HD and NEI lines used in their previous studies. The authors found that expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum, lung, and bronchial lymph node were indeed greater for the leaner HD pigs than for pigs from the NEI line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection is commonly known to have a negative impact on growth, but the degree of the impact appears to vary between and within pig lines or breeds (Greiner et al, 2000;Petry et al, 2005Petry et al, , 2007 The underlying mechanisms for this relationship are still poorly understood. It can be envisaged that genetic resistance to PRRSV may influence performance in positive (e.g., less impact of the virus on the biological systems) and negative (e.g., the resistant animal diverts more resources and effort to the immune mechanisms rather than growth) ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is ample evidence for genetic variation in the response of animals to the infection (e.g., Halbur et al, 1998;Petry et al, 2005Petry et al, , 2007Vincent et al, 2005Vincent et al, , 2006 and for the existence of indicative biomarkers that could be targeted for selection (Galina-Pantoja et al, 2006;Petry et al, 2007). The immune response to PRRSV appears to be manifold, and there are many facets of resistance to the virus that could be targeted by genetic selection (Murtaugh et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and pathological responses of pigs from two genetically diverse commercial lines to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection1

Doeschl‐Wilson¹,

Kyriazakis

Vincent

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

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The response to infection from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) for 2 genetically diverse commercial pig lines was investigated. Seventy-two pigs from each line, aged 6 wk, were challenged with PRRSV VR-2385, and 66 litter-mates served as control. The clinical response to infection was monitored throughout the study and pigs were necropsied at 10 or 21 d postinfection. Previous analyses showed significant line differences in susceptibility to PRRSV infection. This study also revealed significant line differences in growth during infection. Line B, characterized by faster growth rate than line A in the absence of infection, suffered more severe clinical disease and greater reduction in BW growth after infection. Correlations between growth and disease-related traits were generally negative, albeit weak. Correlations were also weak among most clinical and pathological traits. Clinical disease traits such as respiratory scores and rectal temperatures were poor indicators of virus levels, pathological damage, or growth during PRRSV infection. Relationships between traits varied over time, indicating that different disease-related mechanisms may operate at different time scales and, therefore, that the time of assessing host responses may influence the conclusions drawn about biological significance. Three possible mechanisms underlying growth under PRRSV infection were proposed based on evidence from this and previous studies. It was concluded that a comprehensive framework describing the interaction between the biological mechanisms and the genetic influence on these would be desirable for achieving progress in the genetic control of this economically important disease. ABSTRACT: The response to infection from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) for 2 genetically diverse commercial pig lines was investigated. Seventy-two pigs from each line, aged 6 wk, were challenged with PRRSV VR-2385, and 66 littermates served as control. The clinical response to infection was monitored throughout the study and pigs were necropsied at 10 or 21 d postinfection. Previous analyses showed significant line differences in susceptibility to PRRSV infection. This study also revealed significant line differences in growth during infection. Line B, characterized by faster growth rate than line A in the absence of infection, suffered more severe clinical disease and greater reduction in BW growth after infection. Correlations between growth and disease-related traits were generally negative, albeit weak. Correlations were also weak among most clinical and pathological traits. Clinical disease traits such as respiratory scores and rectal temperatures were poor indicators of virus levels, pathological damage, or growth during PRRSV infection. Relationships between traits varied over time, indicating that different disease-related mechanisms may operate at different time scales and, therefore, that the time of assessing host responses may influence the conclusions drawn about biologic...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and pathological responses of pigs from two genetically diverse commercial lines to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection1

Doeschl‐Wilson¹,

Kyriazakis

Vincent

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Both these systems display large interindividual variations, partly attributable to genetic background. In pigs, breed-related differences have been observed for basal and stress-induced secretion of cortisol and adenocorticotropic hormone (Dé sauté s et al, 1999;Dé sauté s et al, 2002), acute-phase protein production -E-mail: Elodie.Merlot@rennes.inra.fr (Clapperton et al, 2007), leukocyte blood numbers (Clapperton et al, 2005a), antibody-and cell-mediated immune responses (Joling et al, 1993;Wilkie and Mallard, 1999) and susceptibility to several viruses (Opriessnig et al, 2006;Vincent et al, 2006;Petry et al, 2007). This variability was shown to rely on the additive genetic effects of a few quantitative trait loci (EdforsLilja et al, 2000;Wimmers et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

Merlot

Vincent

Thomas

et al. 2012

Animal

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Since decades, production traits such as growth rate, feed efficiency or body composition have been drastically increased in pigs by genetic selection. Whether this selection impacted animal robustness is still unclear. In this study, we compared Large White (LW) pigs, a breed submitted to intense genetic selection for production traits, and Basque (B) pigs, a local rustic breed, reared in two different housing environments (conventionalv.enriched). Adaptation to housing conditions among each breed was evaluated at the level of endocrine and immune traits. These are known to be impacted by housing conditions and breed; however, the interaction effects between genotype and environment are less described. Animals (20 per breed and housing environment) entered the experiment at 35 kg of live weight. Levels of cortisol, acute-phase inflammatory proteins, immunoglobulins and hydrogen peroxide, blood formula, lymphocyte proliferation andin-vitrocytokine expression were measured at ∼115 kg of live weight. Animals were checked for skin injuries during the growing period. At slaughter, at the average live weight of 145 kg, carcasses were examined for pathological conditions of the respiratory tract. The major result was that the two breeds exhibited differences in response to the housing environment. Among the 24 sanitary, endocrine or immune traits investigated, the housing conditions affected eight variables in both breeds (salivary cortisol at 0700 and 1900 h, severity of pneumonia at slaughter) or only in B pigs (severe skin lesions) or LW pigs (salivary cortisol at 1500 h, granulocyte numbers and lymphocyte/granulocyte ratio and lymphocyte proliferation). These observations strengthen the hypothesis that selection for high meat production level might be associated with an increased susceptibility of animals to environmental stressors.

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“…However, controlled genetic studies on susceptibility to specific diseases are difficult to conduct due to size and cost limitations resulting in restrictions on pigs per line and breed. It is well known that genetic components in disease resistance exist in pigs such as reported with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (Halbur et al, 1998;Petry et al, 2005Petry et al, , 2007Vincent et al, 2006), pseudorabies virus (Reiner et al, 2002), Salmonella sp. (Wigley, 2004), and Escherichia coli (Duchet-Suchaux et al, 1991;Michaels et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between Landrace and Pietrain pigs1

Opriessnig

Patterson

Madson

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

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Anecdotal information from the field suggests that there are host genetic differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated disease among Landrace and Pietrain breeds. The objective of this study was to determine if a difference exists in PCV2 susceptibility between Landrace and Pi-etrain pigs under experimental conditions. Thirty-nine Landrace pigs and 39 Pietrain pigs were blocked by breed, sire, dam, and litter and randomly divided into the following 4 groups: Landrace noninoculated negative control (Landrace-NEG; n = 13), Pietrain noninoculated negative control (Pietrain-NEG; n = 13), Landrace-PCV2 (n = 26; Landrace), and Pietrain-PCV2 (n = 26; Pietrain). After waning of passively acquired anti-PCV2 antibodies, Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups were inoculated with PCV2 isolate ISU-40895. The Landrace-NEG and Pietrain-NEG groups were housed in a separate room, remained noninoculated, and served as negative controls. All pigs in all groups were necropsied at 21 d post PCV2-inoculation. Onset of seroconversion and concentrations of anti-PCV2-IgM, anti-PCV2-IgG, and anti-PCV2 neutralizing antibodies were similar in Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups. Furthermore, the amount of PCV2 DNA and cytokine concentrations in serum and plasma samples were not different between the 2 PCV2-inoculated groups. The severity of PCV2-associated microscopic lesions was different between Landrace and Pietrain pigs; Landrace-PCV2 pigs had significantly (P < 0.05) more severe lymphoid lesions than the Pietrain-PCV2 pigs. Although the pigs originated from the same farm where their dams were commingled, passively acquired anti-PCV2-antibodies waned in Pietrain pigs by approximately 12 wk of age, whereas the majority of the Landrace pigs remained PCV2 seropositive until 18 wk of age and beyond. The results from this study indicate that a genetic difference exists between these 2 breeds of pigs in susceptibility to PCV2-associated lesions. ABSTRACT: Anecdotal information from the field suggests that there are host genetic differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated disease among Landrace and Pietrain breeds. The objective of this study was to determine if a difference exists in PCV2 susceptibility between Landrace and Pietrain pigs under experimental conditions. Thirty-nine Landrace pigs and 39 Pietrain pigs were blocked by breed, sire, dam, and litter and randomly divided into the following 4 groups: Landrace noninoculated negative control (Landrace-NEG; n = 13), Pietrain noninoculated negative control (Pietrain-NEG; n = 13), Landrace-PCV2 (n = 26; Landrace), and Pietrain-PCV2 (n = 26; Pietrain). After waning of passively acquired anti-PCV2 antibodies, Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups were inoculated with PCV2 isolate ISU-40895. The Landrace-NEG and Pietrain-NEG groups were housed in a separate room, remained noninoculated, and served as negative controls. All pigs in all groups were necropsied at 21 d post PCV2-inoculation. Onset of seroconversion and ...

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Differential immunity in pigs with high and low responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection1,2

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Clinical and pathological responses of pigs from two genetically diverse commercial lines to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection1

Clinical and pathological responses of pigs from two genetically diverse commercial lines to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection1

Health and immune traits of Basque and Large White pigs housed in a conventional or enriched environment

Difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between Landrace and Pietrain pigs1

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