Differential Immune-Modulating Activities of Cell Walls and Secreted Metabolites from Probiotic Bacillus coagulans JBI-YZ6.3 under Normal versus Inflamed Culture Conditions

Abstract

Spore-forming probiotic bacteria, including Bacillus coagulans, are resilient and produce a variety of beneficial metabolites. We evaluated the immune-modulating effects of the novel probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans JBI-YZ6.3, where the germinated spores, metabolite fraction, and cell wall fraction were tested in parallel using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures under both normal and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflamed culture conditions. The expression of CD25 and CD69 activation markers was evaluated via flow cytometry. Supernatants were tested for cytokines, interferons, chemokines, and growth factors using Luminex arrays. The germinated spores were highly immunogenic; both the cell wall and metabolite fractions contributed significantly. Under normal culture conditions, increased levels of immune activation were observed as increased expressions of CD25 and CD69 relative to natural killer cells, suggesting an increased ability to attack virus-infected target cells. On monocytes, a complex effect was observed, where the expression of CD25 increased under normal conditions but decreased under inflamed conditions. This, in combination with increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production under inflamed conditions, points to anti-inflammatory effects. The production of the stem cell-related growth factor granulocyte colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF) was enhanced. Further research is warranted to characterize the composition of the postbiotic metabolite fraction and document the characteristics of immunomodulating agents secreted by this probiotic strain.

Secreted Metabolites from Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Borrelia Biofilm: Modulation of Immunogenicity by a Nutraceutical Enzyme and Botanical Blend

“…We suggest that this model is physiologically and clinically relevant, as it is representative of the cellular community in tissues such as the gut, skin, muscles, and lungs. This collaborative effort between multiple immune cells is further illustrated by the ability of PBMC cultures to produce IL-10 in response to the LPS inflammatory control [47,48], in contrast to the THP-1 cell line that is not able to do so [48]. Whereas specific secreted compounds have been studied from acute infections [43,44] and from established bacterial biofilm [45,46], little is known about the effects on the host immune system when exposed to the totality of secreted metabolites from established bacterial biofilm.…”

“…We suggest that this model is physiologically and clinically relevant, as it is representative of the cellular community in tissues such as the gut, skin, muscles, and lungs. This collaborative effort between multiple immune cells is further illustrated by the ability of PBMC cultures to produce IL-10 in response to the LPS inflammatory control [47,48], in contrast to the THP-1 cell line that is not able to do so [48].…”

Role of Bacillus coagulans (Heyndrickxia coagulans)BCP92 in managing irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical trial

“…B. coagulans is distinguished from other probiotic microorganisms. [ 28 ] The outermost coating naturally protects the cell against stressors such as osmolarity, heat, dryness, and pH extremes found in the GI tract. [ 29 ] This unique characteristic enables B. coagulans to survive gastric acid and digestive enzymes such as pepsin and pancreatin, bile salts, ions, and mucin.…”