Differential HLA allele frequency in Mycobacterium africanum vs Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mali

Abstract

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), however, the distribution and frequency of MTBC lineages and sublineages vary in different parts of the globe. Mycobacterium africanum, a member of MTBC is responsible for a large percentage of TB cases in West Africa, however, it is rarely identified outside of this part of the World. Whether or not differential HLA polymorphism (an important host factor) is contributing to the geographic restriction of M. africanum to West Africa is unknown. Here, we conducted a cohort study in Mali of newly diagnosed individuals with active pulmonary TB and normal healthy controls. The MTBC isolates were spoligotyped to determine the TB study groups (M. tuberculosis sensu stricto LAM10 and M. africanum), and HLA typing was performed on peripheral blood. Unlike previous reports on other populations, we found that HLA Class-I alleles were significantly associated with active TB disease in this population. HLA-B alleles (B*07:02, B*08:01, B*14:02, B*15:03, B*15:10, B*18:01, B*42:01, B*42:02, B*51:01 and B*81:01) were significantly associated with M. africanum (40–45%) and M. tuberculosis (75%) compared to healthy controls. Many HLA-A alleles (A*02:05, A*34:02, A*66:01 and A*68:02) were also associated with both TB groups (65–70%). However, many Class II HLA-DR variants were found to be associated with M. tuberculosis but not M. africanum with the exception of the DRB1*03:01, which was associated with both groups. The differential HLA distribution observed in this study might be at least partially responsible for the geographical restriction of M. africanum infections to West Africa.

Hematological indices in the adult saudi population: Reference intervals by gender, age, and region

“…Korea 2018 [27] Thai 2018 [23] Nigeria 2019 [25] Brazil 2019 [10] Iraq 2020 [13] Iran 2021 [7] Age Canada 2015 [35] Kuwait 2016 [14] Mali 2017 [2] Oman 2018 [3] Kenya 2018 [41] Korea 2018 [27] Thai 2018 [23] Nigeria 2019 [25] Brazil 2019 [10] Iraq 2020 [13] Iran 2021 [7] F menstruation (34). In the current study, the platelet-related findings are consistent with literature (1,27,32,42).…”

“…However, several factors can affect the hematological parameters, such as age, gender, ethnicity, lifestyle, environment, and the analytical method of testing. A wide variation has been reported in the hematological parameters of different populations (2,3). A low normal range has been reported for the hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb), and mean platelet volume in the Asian population compared to Caucasian populations (4).…”

Genomic variants-driven drug repurposing for tuberculosis by utilizing the established bioinformatic-based approach

“…This study was conducted on 257 pulmonary TB patients and 236 healthy subjects. Another study conducted in Mali also presented a significant association between HLA-B alleles (B*07:02, B*08:01, B*14:02, B*15:03, B*15:10, B*18:01, B*42:01, B*42:02, B*51:01 and B*81:01) and M. tuberculosis (75%) [ 32 ]. This study indicated important information regarding the genomic variants associated with TB disease.…”

Analysis of Mycobacterium africanum in the last 17 years in Aragon identifies a specific location of IS6110 in Lineage 6

“…Curiously, while the extra respiratory location of the TB was high among the African cases, the three Spaniards presented only respiratory disease. The differential HLA distribution among the Mali population has been studied, and it was concluded that it might be at least partially responsible for the geographical restriction of M. africanum infections to West Africa 29 . The possibility that HLA could also affect the clinical presentation of the disease would explain these differences.…”