Differential hierarchical metabolites expression of red/white Salacca sumatrana arillus and its molecular docking studies

Abstract

Abstract. Fendiyanto MH, Satrio RD, Widana IDKK, Pratami MP, Nikmah IA, Darmadi D. 2021. Differential hierarchical metabolites expression of red/white Salacca sumatrana Arillus and its molecular docking studies. Biodiversitas 22: 1014-1024. Salak Sidempuan (Salacca sumatrana) is one of the medicinal plants originating from tropical countries. However, there is very little research on the study of finding bioactive compounds in S. sumatrana using the metabolomic approach. Here, we use two population types of S. sumatrana, e.g., fruit with red and white arillus. We extracted the compounds from the two tissues using the GC-MS technique and further analyzed their antiviral potential using an in-silico molecular docking technique. Fold change analysis showed that in white arillus there were 21 upregulated compounds and 25 downregulated compounds. Metabolites that have high expression in white arillus tissue are ranxinic acid, nicotinic alcohol, stearic acid, 2-furan carboxaldehyde, and others. Six accessions from S. sumatrana based on PCA analysis and separate dendrogram according to the type of arillus, i.e., red and white arillus. Two compounds that act as antivirals found in this study are stearic acid and palmitic acid based on preliminary molecular docking studies. These two compounds could be used for further studies as a preventive measure against SARS-Cov-2 in the future, however, it needs further comprehensive and clinical analysis the future. In conclusion, metabolites in white arillus were distinctly different from red arillus of Snake fruits. In addition, studies on differential metabolite expression on two types of arillus (red/white) can be used as markers in identifying arillus color early by plant breeders.

Species Diversity of Freshwater Microalgae in Dramaga, Bogor Based on Morpho-ecological Identification between Low and High Light Intensity Environment

“…Each microalga has a different amount of lipid content (Gunawan, 2010;Pratami et al, 2022). In other organisms, for example in snake fruit, lipid metabolites are relatively diverse (Fendiyanto et al, 2020;Fendiyanto et al, 2021).…”

Potential of invasive alien species Clidemia hirta as antibacterial against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus

“…In the present study, the invasive alien species (IAS) C. hirta was identified based on morphological studies including flower and leaf structures. However, the potency of C. hirta extract nowadays is necessary to test the antibacterial, antibiotic, antifungal activity among several microorganisms (Schunack 1990;Bauer et al 1996;Andria 2000;Prayitno 2007), i.e., between plant extract-virus interaction (Fendiyanto et al 2021) and spoilage fungi -A. niger bioactivity , and fungal metabolites (Tabasso 2006). Plants from the Melastomataceae family have been studied extensively for their antibacterial activity.…”

“…6): 3363-3369, June 2021 3368 Phytochemical analysis revealed that C. hirta contains flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid, and steroid compounds that showed antibacterial activity. Some secondary metabolites can influence the species growth and development, i.e., in the plant, arillus formation particularly in S. sumatrana is influenced by pyruvate and sulfur metabolism Fendiyanto et al 2021). Moreover, genes also influence the metabolism of some organisms, i.e., SnpB11 and OsGERLP influence the metabolism during species to avoid aluminum stress (Fendiyanto et al 2019a;Fendiyanto et al 2019b;Miftahudin et al 2021).…”

“…The secondary metabolites in C. hirta can investigate narrowly down to understand the mechanism of the interaction between their extract and growth of microbes, especially using biological markers. Biological marker in some species can be divided into several markers, i.e., morphological (Pratami et al 2019), genetic (Satrio et al 2019;Pratami et al 2020;Miftahudin et al 2021), physiological (Andriyanto and Fendiyanto 2019;Miftahudin et al 2021), and metabolite markers Fendiyanto et al 2021).…”

Construction of an ultra-high-density consensus genetic map and analysis of recombination rate variation in Sorghum bicolor

“…The ultra-high-density consensus genetic map constructed in this study could be used to facilitate QTL mapping to discover novel genes controlling valuable traits. The traits can be observed in agronomy (Satrio et al 2021), morphology (Fendiyanto et al 2019a;Miftahudin et al 2021a), physiology (Fendiyanto et al 2019b), metabolites (Fendiyanto et al 2020(Fendiyanto et al , 2021b, or transcriptional level (Satrio et al 2019;Fendiyanto et al 2021a;Ratnadewi et al 2021). Published QTL map from any previous study could be integrated with the consensus genetic linkage map constructed in this study as the meta-QTL analysis.…”