Differential hepatic oxidative status in steers with divergent residual feed intake phenotype

Abstract

Oxidative stress occurs when oxidant production exceeds the antioxidant capacity to detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Feed efficiency has been associated with mitochondrial function due to its impact on cell energy metabolism. However, mitochondria are also recognized as a major source of oxidants. The aim of this study was to determine lipid and protein oxidative stress markers, and gene and protein expression as well as activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of steers of divergent residual feed intake (RFI) phenotypes. Hereford steers (n = 111) were evaluated in post-weaning 70 days standard test for RFI. Eighteen steers exhibiting the greatest (n = 9; high-RFI) and the lowest (n = 9; low-RFI) RFI values were selected for this study. After the test, steers were managed together under grazing conditions until slaughter when they reached the slaughter body weight. At slaughter, hepatic samples were obtained, were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C until analyses. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive species and protein carbonyls were greater (P = 0.05) and hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts tended (P = 0.10) to be greater for high- than low-RFI steers. Hepatic gene expression glutathione peroxidase 4, glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and peroxiredoxin 5 mRNA was greater (P ≤ 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase 3 mRNA tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in low- than high-RFI steers. Hepatic protein expression and enzyme activity of manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be greater for low- than high-RFI steers. High-efficiency steers (low-RFI) probably had better hepatic oxidative status which was strongly associated with greater antioxidant ability near to the oxidant production site and, therefore, reduced oxidative stress of the liver. Decreased hepatic oxidative stress would reduce maintenance requirements due to a lower protein and lipid turnover and better efficiency in the use of energy.

Serum Metabolite Biomarkers for Predicting Residual Feed Intake (RFI) of Young Angus Bulls

“…Therefore, a higher level of formate in the serum of HRFI animals suggests that these less feed-efficient cattle are more prone to oxidative stress in the form of higher levels of ROS. This conclusion also agrees with the results reported in the study performed by Casal et al [37].…”

“…Stiuso et al [36] also reported that lipidomic or oxidative status of serum caused by lysophosphatidylcholines was associated with liver diseases (i.e., non-alcoholic fatty liver or steatohepatitis). A recent study [37] reported lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver of LRFI steers which suggested they have lower levels of hepatic oxidative stress than HRFI steers. Decreased oxidative stress in the liver has been associated with lower feed maintenance requirements, due to a lower lipid and protein turnover and better efficiency in energy usage [37].…”

“…A recent study [37] reported lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver of LRFI steers which suggested they have lower levels of hepatic oxidative stress than HRFI steers. Decreased oxidative stress in the liver has been associated with lower feed maintenance requirements, due to a lower lipid and protein turnover and better efficiency in energy usage [37].…”

Dose-Dependent Protective Features of Lobophora Variegata Methanolic Extract (Lvme) in N-Nitrosodiethylamine Induced Experimental Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats

“…The LVME administration has improved the brought down the deleterious impact of NDEA-induced hepatic carcinoma by restoring the oxidant-antioxidant status also modulating the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, also diminishing the hepatic marker enzymes, and our observations corroborate the results of other chemoprotective agents [31]. The active ethyl radical components like O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine and O4 and O6-ethyldeoxythymidine produced by the bio transforming activity of cytochrome p450 on NDEA is responsible for the carcinogenesis [32].…”

Characterization and Duodenal Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Beef Cattle With Divergent Feed Efficiency Using RNA-Seq

“…Research has demonstrated that metabolic processes and factors-protein turnover, tissue metabolism, body composition, and physical activity-can explain 73% of RFI variation (Jin et al, 2019). Generally, RFI is thought to primarily be associated with metabolic processes (Horodyska et al, 2017) such as fatty acid oxidation (Casal et al, 2020), protein synthesis (Kenny et al, 2018), and energy metabolism (Wu et al, 2020), and with appetite regulation (Zhao et al, 2020). In our study, the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were two of the most commonly observed pathways.…”