“…12 Nephritis, cancer and cardiovascular disease were also identified by these studies as potential misclassification sources 7,12 but were not found to be source causes in this analysis, perhaps because they contributed relatively little. Higher mortality rates in females than males at younger ages have also been documented previously 6,[24][25][26][27][28] and reflect the partnering pattern in South Africa, where older men often partner with younger women. 1,29 Both the slowing of increases in mortality, also documented subnationally, 24 and the shifting of peak death rates to older ages may be the result of efforts at preventing and treating HIV/AIDS.…”