Differential Growth of King Penguin Chicks in Relation to Date of Hatching

vanHeezik, Y. M.; Seddon, Philipp J; Plessis, C.J. Du; Adams, N. J.

doi:10.2307/1521558

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In terms of phenology, King Penguins have a complex breeding system, laying eggs from mid-November to March (Williams 1995). Chicks must grow rapidly and store sufficient body reserves by June in order to survive 3-4 months with little or no food (Van Heezik et al 1993). Only chicks from eggs laid early in the summer (hatching before 7 February) typically survive to fledge the following summer (Van Heezik et al 1993).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chicks must grow rapidly and store sufficient body reserves by June in order to survive 3-4 months with little or no food (Van Heezik et al 1993). Only chicks from eggs laid early in the summer (hatching before 7 February) typically survive to fledge the following summer (Van Heezik et al 1993). However, this forces successful breeders to lay eggs late the following summer, almost invariably causing their breeding attempts to fail, and many birds elect to skip breeding in successive years (Van Heezik et al 1994).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pelagic predators

Ryan¹,

Bester²

2008

The Prince Edward Islands: Land-Sea Interactions in a Changing Ecosystem.

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Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelagic predators

Ryan¹,

Bester²

2008

The Prince Edward Islands: Land-Sea Interactions in a Changing Ecosystem.

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“…The logistic model and Gompertz equation was applied to the chick-growth data of early and late chicks (van Heezik et al 1993;Huin and Prince 2000;Barlow and Croxall 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding patterns of King Penguins on the Falkland Islands

Otley

Clausen

Christie

et al. 2007

Emu - Austral Ornithology

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“…At this stage of breeding, the now thermally emancipated chick needs to grow rapidly and build fat stores in preparation for the ensuing winter fast (Stonehouse 1960, Weimerskirch et al 1992. The chick requires large quantities of food at a high rate , van Heezik et al 1993, Cherel et al 1996 to fuel high energy requirements (Halsey et al 2008) while it is still dependent on its parents. To accomplish this, at this stage of the breeding cycle, the parents spend shorter periods of time with the chicks (Weimerskirch et al 1992), and coupled with a high frequency of foraging dives to dense prey patches (Charrassin et al 1999), the parents can increase food provision to the chick.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the foraging dive behaviour and energetics of king penguins through summer and autumn: a month by month analysis

Halsey¹,

Butler²,

Fahlman³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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King penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus are known to change their diving behaviour in response to changes in both prey location and their breeding status through the early stages of the breeding cycle (austral summer and autumn). However, little information exists on whether and how these changes affect the energy expenditure of such behaviour. By deploying heart rate and hydrostatic pressure data loggers, we investigated detailed changes in the dive time budgeting of king penguins during foraging dives across the breeding season, in the same individuals, and the associated changes in estimated oxygen consumption during those dives. Maximum dive depth, duration, bottom duration, feeding events (indicated by wiggles) per dive and post-dive duration increased through the study period. While a foraging dive later in the breeding season was energetically more costly than a dive earlier in the season, the overall rate of energy expenditure did not change, nor did energy cost per unit prey capture. These findings indicate an ability of king penguins to adjust their foraging dive behaviours through the summer and autumn without affecting the energetic costs of diving to capture prey. Such plasticity may be necessary to compensate for changes both in prey location and abundance, and in the energy requirements of the chick over time. KEY WORDS: Behavioural plasticity · Diving · Energy costs · Heart rate · Aptenodytes patagonicus · Seabirds Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 401: [279][280][281][282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289] 2010 about late January onwards, the foraging parent must obtain sufficient food not only to sustain itself while brooding the chick (and hence fasting) but also to feed to the chick (Gauthier-Clerc et al. 2000). When foraging, during both the incubating stage and at the chickrearing stage, the parents travel to the polar frontal zone to feed in summer (Charrassin & Bost 2001), but chick-rearing birds dive deeper than incubating birds (Charrassin et al. 1998). The suggested reason for this is that deeper dives are undertaken to reach denser patches of myctophid fish (Zasel'sliy et al. 1985, Charrassin et al. 1998, the most common prey of king penguins , Pütz & Bost 1994, so that a greater amount of food energy is obtained per dive (Charrassin et al. 1998). While such dives may use more energy (Tremblay & Cherel 2003, Halsey et al. 2006a, it is assumed that net energy gain is higher, which is necessary to meet overall energetic requirements during brooding.During foraging trips towards the end of summer and the beginning of autumn (March), king penguins tend to undertake foraging dives at a particularly high frequency (Charrassin et al. 1999). At this stage of breeding, the now thermally emancipated chick needs to grow rapidly and build fat stores in preparation for the ensuing winter fast (Stonehouse 1960, Weimerskirch et al. 1992. The chick requires large quantities of food at a high rate , van Heezik et al. 1993, Chere...

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Differential Growth of King Penguin Chicks in Relation to Date of Hatching

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Pelagic predators

Pelagic predators

Breeding patterns of King Penguins on the Falkland Islands

Changes in the foraging dive behaviour and energetics of king penguins through summer and autumn: a month by month analysis

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