Differential growth inhibition of cancer cell lines and antioxidant activity of extracts of red, brown, and green marine algae

Abstract

As the use of various anticancer drugs is associated with many undesirable side effects, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new, better, and specific anticancer compounds. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities as well as effects on cell morphology were investigated for methanol (M), chloroform (C), ethyl acetate (E), and aqueous (A) extracts of Caulerpa peltata, Gelidiella acerosa, Padina gymnospora, and Sargassum wightii using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, ferrous ion chelation, and resazurin-based growth inhibition (in A549, HCT-15, MG-63, and PC-3 cell lines) assays. A general trend was the greater extraction of phenols and flavonoids by chloroform and ethyl acetate, which showed higher activity in many assays. These non-polar C and E extracts showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging and growth inhibitory activities in A549, HCT-15, and PC-3 cells. However, higher ferrous ion chelation (A extracts) and growth inhibition in MG-63 cells (M and A extracts) were seen for the polar extracts. Furthermore, P. gymnospora and C. peltata emerged as promising sources for antiproliferative agents that could be explored for their own activity and as leads for the development of other compounds.

Macroalgae of Izmir Gulf: Dictyotaceae exhibit high in vitro anti-cancer activity independent from their antioxidant capabilities

“…Antioxidants are known to act as pro-oxidants and inhibit cell viability via Fenton reaction (Dai and Mumper 2010) exhibiting anti-cancer properties. In our study extracts with (Murugan and Iyer 2013;Guner et al 2015), there are others claiming a protective role for those substances as cancer cells are known to require antioxidants for their survival Lee et al 2013;Mezghani et al 2013). Surely oxidative stress is one of the most common inducers of carcinogenesis (Valko et al 2006), however it is also known that once transformation is completed, cancer cells utilize antioxidant machinery to prevent further damage caused by reactive oxygen species (Saeidnia and Abdollahi 2013).…”

“…Antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of macroalgal extracts is a popular research topic due to their potential use as pharmaceuticals, phytomedical drugs, cosmetic products as well as food supplements (Murugan and Iyer 2013). In this study we have evaluated the antioxidant and anti-cancer effects of marine macroalgae collected from Izmir Gulf which is located in the western part of the Anatolian Peninsula and is partially separated from Aegean Sea by Karaburun Peninsula (Sayın 2003).…”

“…Macroalgae are prolific sources for numerous natural compounds with promising potential for both prevention (Lee et al 2013) and treatment of several diseases including cancer (Hiroishi et al 2001;RademakerLakhai et al 2005) and diabetes (Nwosu et al 2011). Many studies have attributed beneficial effects of macroalgae to their high antioxidant capacity (Zhang et al 2007;Zubia et al 2009;Murugan and Iyer 2013) thus naming their consumption ''antioxidant phytomedicine'' (Scalbert et al 2005;Yuan and Walsh 2006;Gupta and Abu-Ghannam 2011;Nwosu et al 2011). Dietary antioxidant intake and decreased oxidative stress are known to reduce the risk of type II diabetes (Valko et al 2004) and cancer (Montonen et al 2004) as both conditions are associated with oxidative stress.…”

Polysaccharides from marine macroalga, Padina gymnospora improve the nonspecific and specific immune responses of Cyprinus carpio and protect it from different pathogens

“…Padina gymnospora is a brown alga, seaweed commonly found in the coastal regions around the world. Padina gymnospora is reported to possess antimicrobial (Manivannan et al 2011), antiviral (Koishi et al 2012), antioxidant and anticancer activities (Murugan & Iyer 2013).…”

Algae as potential repository of anti cancerous natural compounds

“…These non-polar Chloroform and Ethyl acetate extracts showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging and growth inhibition in Lung cancer (A549), Human colon Cancer ( HCT-15), and Prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines. Higher ferrous ion chelation (aqueous extracts) and growth inhibition in MG-63 cells by methanol and aqueous extracts have been reported [25].…”