Differential Growth in the Brain of the Weakly Electric Fish, &lt;i&gt;Apteronotus leptorhynchus &lt;/i&gt;(Gymnotiformes), during Ontogenesis

Leyhausen, Claudia; Kirschbaum, Frank; Szabo, Thomas L.; Erdelen, Martin

doi:10.1159/000118648

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The size of a teleost brain increases with age, body weight and body length throughout life, and adult proliferation has been observed within all major teleost brain structures (Birse et al, 1980;Leyhausen et al, 1987;Brandstatter and Kotrschal, 1990;Zupanc and Horschke, 1995). Adult proliferation zones have been mapped in detail in the brains of the adult stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) (Ekstro¨m et al, 2001), zebrafish (Zupanc et al, 2005), and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) (Zikopoulos et al, 2000).…”

Section: Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary background for stress-coping styles: Relationships between physiological, behavioral, and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates

Øverli

Sørensen

Pulman

et al. 2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

433

337

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Reactions to stress vary between individuals, and physiological and behavioral responses tend to be associated in distinct suites of correlated traits, often termed stress coping styles. A connection between physiology, behavior, and cognition was recently demonstrated in strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for consistently high or low cortisol responses to stress. Compared to high-responsive (HR) fish the low-responsive (LR) strain display better retention of a conditioned response, and tend to show proactive behavior such as enhanced aggression, social dominance, and rapid resumption of feed intake in new environments. Marked differences between HR and LR trout in brain monoamine neurochemistry have also been reported. In line with these studies, experiments with the lizard Anolis carolinensis reveal connections between monoaminergic activity in limbic structures, proactive behavior in novel environments, and the establishment of social status via agonistic behavior.Together these observations suggest that within-species diversity of behavioral and cognitive correlates of stress responsiveness is maintained by natural selection over a wide range of animal groups. This diversity may underlie several seemingly different phenomena such as stress coping style, behavioral syndromes, and animal personalities.

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Section: Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary background for stress-coping styles: Relationships between physiological, behavioral, and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates

Øverli

Sørensen

Pulman

et al. 2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

433

337

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“…Several morphometric studies have shown that the number of cells in the teleost fish brain increases with age, body weight and length (Leonard et al 1978;Birse et al 1980;Leyhausen et al 1987;Brandstätter & Kotrschal 1989Zupanc & Horschke 1995). Comparative allometric studies of the brain growth pattern in cyprinid teleosts show that the brain attains no definite final morphology.…”

Section: Post-embryonic Growth Of the Cns In Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proliferation, neurogenesis and regeneration in the non-mammalian vertebrate brain

Kaslin

Ganz

Brand

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

318

309

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Post-embryonic neurogenesis is a fundamental feature of the vertebrate brain. However, the level of adult neurogenesis decreases significantly with phylogeny. In the first part of this review, a comparative analysis of adult neurogenesis and its putative roles in vertebrates are discussed. Adult neurogenesis in mammals is restricted to two telencephalic constitutively active zones. On the contrary, non-mammalian vertebrates display a considerable amount of adult neurogenesis in many brain regions. The phylogenetic differences in adult neurogenesis are poorly understood. However, a common feature of vertebrates (fish, amphibians and reptiles) that display a widespread adult neurogenesis is the substantial post-embryonic brain growth in contrast to birds and mammals. It is probable that the adult neurogenesis in fish, frogs and reptiles is related to the coordinated growth of sensory systems and corresponding sensory brain regions. Likewise, neurons are substantially added to the olfactory bulb in smell-oriented mammals in contrast to more visually oriented primates and songbirds, where much fewer neurons are added to the olfactory bulb. The second part of this review focuses on the differences in brain plasticity and regeneration in vertebrates. Interestingly, several recent studies show that neurogenesis is suppressed in the adult mammalian brain. In mammals, neurogenesis can be induced in the constitutively neurogenic brain regions as well as ectopically in response to injury, disease or experimental manipulations. Furthermore, multipotent progenitor cells can be isolated and differentiated in vitro from several otherwise silent regions of the mammalian brain. This indicates that the potential to recruit or generate neurons in non-neurogenic brain areas is not completely lost in mammals. The level of adult neurogenesis in vertebrates correlates with the capacity to regenerate injury, for example fish and amphibians exhibit the most widespread adult neurogenesis and also the greatest capacity to regenerate central nervous system injuries. Studying these phenomena in non-mammalian vertebrates may greatly increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying regeneration and adult neurogenesis. Understanding mechanisms that regulate endogenous proliferation and neurogenic permissiveness in the adult brain is of great significance in therapeutical approaches for brain injury and disease.

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“…Brain growth is a mosaic with different regions growing at different rates [Leyhausen et al, 1987;Starck, 1993], although within each of our species of shorebirds the rapid phase of growth of the whole brain was paralleled by a rapid growth phase in most brain regions. Clearly, the main contributor to growth of the whole brain, because of its large size, was the telencephalon.…”

Section: Brain Growth Ratesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Embryonic Brain Growth in Two Shorebirds: <i>Charadrius vociferus</i> and <i>Gallinago gallinago</i>

Nol

Boire²

1996

Brain Behav Evol

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The sizes of six brain regions and of the whole brain were measured for a series of embryonic killdeer, Charadrius vociferus, and common snipe, Gallinago gallinago, to examine (1) the allometric relationship between whole brain and body mass through ontogeny, (2) whether the longer incubation period of the killdeer corresponds to a larger brain at hatch, (3) whether different brain regions grow independently in size through ontogeny, and (4) whether relative size of particular brain regions relates to relative importance of hatching behavior or to the relative importance of behaviors in the adult. Although snipe are generally less precocial at hatch than killdeer, and hence are predicted to have lower allometric coefficients, the allometric relationships between brain and body mass for the two species were not significantly different and were comparable to those for other birds and mammals. The onset of the rapid growth phase of the whole brain, and each region, was very early in the snipe; as a consequence, brain sizes in both species are similar at hatch, despite the shorter incubation period of snipe. In hatchlings of both species, the brain comprises about 7% of body mass. The telencephalon grows most rapidly, the diencephalon and myelencephalon grow more slowly, and the optic tectum grows steadily throughout the embryonic period. The telencephalon of the hatchling snipe is relatively larger than that of hatchling killdeer and exhibits a large nucleus basalis, typical of tactile foragers, although snipe do not forage tactily until adulthood. The relatively large optic tectum of hatchling killdeer corresponds to the highly visual method of foraging of hatchlings. However, the degree to which brain regions grow in the embryonic period, with the exception of the optic tectum and cerebellum in killdeer, appears to relate very closely to their eventual size in adults, with large brain regions growing less in the embryonic period than small brain regions.

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Differential Growth in the Brain of the Weakly Electric Fish, <i>Apteronotus leptorhynchus </i>(Gymnotiformes), during Ontogenesis

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Evolutionary background for stress-coping styles: Relationships between physiological, behavioral, and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates

Evolutionary background for stress-coping styles: Relationships between physiological, behavioral, and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates

Proliferation, neurogenesis and regeneration in the non-mammalian vertebrate brain

Embryonic Brain Growth in Two Shorebirds: <i>Charadrius vociferus</i> and <i>Gallinago gallinago</i>

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