Differential Gene Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in the Developing Seeds of Two Biodiesel Tree Species, Jatropha and Vernicia

Abstract

The fatty acid compositions of Jatropha oil and Vernicia oil are strikingly different, which leads to a great difference in combustion performance, low temperature performance and oxidation stability. A comparative transcriptomic study was made in Vernicia and Jatropha, with a focus on the gene regulation of differential oil accumulation process. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted with seeds at the initial-and fast-stage of oil accumulation from both. More than 24 billion bases of cDNA sequence were obtained, with 49,583 and 45,414 high-quality unigenes identified for Vernicia and Jatropha seeds, respectively. Multiple comparative transcriptome approaches revealed a number of species-specific fatty acid desaturases (FAD2, FADX, FAH12 etc.) contributing to their differentiated fatty acid compositions in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha. Meanwhile, the results suggested that DGAT majorly regulates TAG synthesis than PDAT in Vernicia seed, and PDAT may have more important role regulating TAG synthesis in Jatropha seed than in Vernicia seed. It was also implied that specific oleosins involving in oil bodies may have member bias and may affect lipid contents in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha, as some of which were 30-50 fold up-regulated (with their RPKM values over 10,000 at fast-stage). Some important factors were identified and can differentially regulate lipid pathways in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha.

Functional nano-catalyzed pyrolyzates from branch of Cinnamomum camphora

“…A contains some compounds that can be used in the pharmaceutical industry. 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - (3.49%) is a lipid-lowering drug and can also be used as a raw material for the treatment of atherosclerosis (Yang et al, 2016). beta.-Sitosterol (0.50%) has the functions of lowering cholesterol, relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, inhibiting tumor and repairing tissue.…”

Overexpression of Type 1 and 2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes (JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2) Enhances Oil Production in the Woody Perennial Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas

“…Although there are at least four types of DGATs [ 38 , 39 ], type 1 and type 2 DGATs are reported to contribute to TAG synthesis in most plant species. In J. curcas , three DGAT genes, JcDGAT1 , JcDGAT2 , and JcDGAT3 , have been identified [ 37 , 40 ], in which JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 have been proven to affect oil accumulation in Arabidopsis and tobacco [ 34 , 35 ]. In addition, virus-induced gene silencing of a transcription factor JcMYB1 in J. curcas leaves down-regulated the expression of JcDGAT1 , resulting in a reduction in the lipid content [ 41 ].…”

Fueling the future; plant genetic engineering for sustainable biodiesel production

“…Other researches have confirmed that species-specific fatty acid desaturases (FAD2, FADX, FAH12, etc. ), oleocins, and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyl transferase (PDAT) proteins are involved in or regulating fatty acid compositions in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha (Yang et al, 2016).…”