Differential gene expression profiles of β-defensins in the crop, intestine, and spleen using a necrotic enteritis model in 2 commercial broiler chicken lines

Hong, Yeong Ho; Song, Weihua; Lee, S. H.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.

doi:10.3382/ps.2011-01948

Cited by 116 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Enteritidis antigens (Seo et al, 2002;. The high expression of β-defensin gallinacin-6 (Gal-6) in the oesophagus and crop, and the demonstration of its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens, demonstrates that the crop can play a role in chicken innate host defence (Hong et al, 2012;van Dijk et al, 2007). Another innate immune function is indicated by Thaxton et al (2006) who found an increase in crop nitrate content after gavaging turkeys with S. Typhimurium.…”

Section: Bacterial Populations and Role In Digestive Tract Health Andmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of the crop in poultry production

Classen

Apajalahti

Svihus

et al. 2016

World's Poultry Science Journal

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The importance of the crop is often underestimated in poultry production. In addition to storing ingested feed, it also can impact nutrient digestion by digesta softening and the initial activity of feed (endogenous and exogenous) and microbial enzymes. The crop represents the first major defence against poultry pathogens and zoonotic organisms with well established adaptive and innate immune function, and a lactobacilli dominated microbiota capable of reducing the passage of these organisms further along the digestive tract. However, the potential to improve bird productivity and health, as well as affect meat and egg safety, are influenced by the nature of the diet, and in particular feed entry and extended presence in the crop. This is required to promote lactobacilli fermentation, the production of lactic acid and other volatile fatty acids, and the lowering of crop pH. Management practices such as meal feeding and the use of lighting programs with extended dark periods encourage crop utilisation. Further, the use of feed additives such as prebiotics and probiotics may enhance crop function, which in turn contributes to well-being of the entire digestive tract. A healthy and functional crop, along with other segments of digestive tract, has increased importance in an era of reduced antibiotic use in poultry feeds.

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Section: Bacterial Populations and Role In Digestive Tract Health Andmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of the crop in poultry production

Classen

Apajalahti

Svihus

et al. 2016

World's Poultry Science Journal

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“…In our previous study, we measured the β-defensin expression in the jejunum and found that AvBD8, AvBD10, and AvBD13 were highly expressed whereas AvBD1, AvBD6, AvBD9, AvBD11, and AvBD12 were moderately expressed in chickens with NE. In addition, β-defensin genes were differentially expressed in commercial chickens in response to NE, which indicates that β-defensins play an important role against NE (Hong et al, 2012). Our results suggest that more β-defensin genes are expressed in line M5.1 than in line M15.2 and that line M5.1 is more resistant to NE than line M15.2.…”

Section: Avian β-Defensin Genes Are Differentially Expressed To Ne-inmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…NE was induced according to protocols of the Beltsville Area Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, United States Department of Agriculture. Intestinal mucosal samples were collected at 20 days post-hatching (Hong et al, 2012).…”

Section: Experimental Animals and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Necrotic Enteritis-infected Fayoumi Chickens using RNA Sequencing

et al. 2017

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We identified and evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in the intestinal mucosa of two Fayoumi chicken lines, M5.1 and M15.2, that are affected by necrotic enteritis (NE); these chicken lines share the same genetic background but have different major histocompatibility complexes. RNA-Seq generated over 49 and 40 million reads for lines M5.1 and M15.2, respectively. The alignment of these sequences with the Gallus gallus genome database revealed the expression of more than 14,500 genes in two lines, among which 581, 1270, and 1140 DEGs were detected when lines M15.2 and M5.1 were compared with the control and compared between each other. The analysis of all DEGs using the gene ontology database revealed annotations for 111 biological processes, 32 cellular components, and 17 molecular functions, and KEEG pathway mapping indicated that the DEGs were primarily involved in immunity, responses to various stimuli, and signal transduction. In addition, we analyzed 183 innate immune genes that were differentially expressed in NE-induced chicken lines, including 46 CD molecular genes, 89 immune-related genes, and 13 β-defensin genes with 3 lineage-specific duplications. Taken together, the transcriptional profiles showed that line M5.1 was more resistant to NE than line M15.2 and that differential gene expression patterns were associated with host genetic differences in resistance to NE. qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analyses showed that all the genes examined had similar responses to NE (correlation coefficient R＝0.84 to 0.88, p＜0.01) in both lines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that describes NE-induced DEGs using RNA-seq in two lines with different levels of susceptibility to NE. These results will lead to increased insights on NE disease resistance mechanisms and the role of host genes in the control of the host immune response.

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“…pałeczkami Salmonella czy laseczkami Clostridium. Okazuje się, że zabite komórki tych bakterii zwiększają ekspresję genów defensyn w komórkach nabłonka jelitowego, natomiast żywe blokują ekspresję na drodze nie do końca wyjaśnionych mechanizmów chroniących patogen przed odpowiedzią immunologiczną gospodarza (22,32,45). Jelitowy układ immunologiczny reprezentowany jest przez torbę Fabrycjusza, grudki chłonne zlokalizowane w kępkach Peyera, złożone głównie z limfocytów B, makrofagów i komórek heterofilnych, limfocytów T oraz szerokie spektrum limfocytów błony podstawnej.…”

Section: Znaczenie Mikrobiomu Jelitowegounclassified

Chicken intestinal microbiome: Development and function

Binek¹,

Cisek²,

Rzewuska³

et al. 2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryChicken ceca contain an immense number of microorganisms collectively known as the microbiome. This community is now recognized as an essential component of the intestinal ecosystem and referred to as a metabolic organ exquisitely tuned to the host's physiology. These functions include the ability to process otherwise indigestible components of the feed, converting them into energy and body mass. The gut microbiome can also affect intestinal morphology and modulate the development and function of the immune system. This microbiota contains a rich collection of genes encoding enzymes necessary for decomposition of dietary polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, nitrogen metabolism, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, and pathways involved in a hydrogen sink. Chickens, like most animals, lack the genes for glycoside hydrolase, polysaccharide lyase, and carbohydrate esterase enzymes that are necessary to facilitate the degradation of non-starch polysaccharides. During the decomposition of dietary polysaccharides, bacteria produce short-chain (volatile) fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic, propionic and butyric acid. These SCFASs are absorbed transepithelially and serve as a source of energy for the host. The accumulation of molecular hydrogen released during fermentation leads to fermentation slowdown or to the production of less energy-efficient substances, such as ethanol, butyrate and propionate. The presence of bacteria that act as a hydrogen sink results in a switch to the more productive fermentation into acetate and increased production of SCFAs. Such activity could lead to a significant improvement in poultry production and the associated economics.

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Differential gene expression profiles of β-defensins in the crop, intestine, and spleen using a necrotic enteritis model in 2 commercial broiler chicken lines

Cited by 116 publications

References 39 publications

The role of the crop in poultry production

The role of the crop in poultry production

Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Necrotic Enteritis-infected Fayoumi Chickens using RNA Sequencing

Chicken intestinal microbiome: Development and function

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