Differential gene expression of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using microarray analysis

Patel, Nrupali; Cardoza, Vinitha; Christensen, Erin; Rekapalli, Bhanu; Mentewab, Ayalew; Stewart, C. Neal

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.06.013

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the transcriptional profiles of P. putida with TNT did not reveal changes in other genes encoding proteins typically involved in the general stress responses. This is in contrast with reports in TNTsensitive microorganisms, such as a Stenotrophomonas strain (Ho et al, 2004) and C. reinhardtii, where a number of upregulated heat-shock proteins were influenced by TNT (Patel et al, 2004).…”

Section: Transcriptional Analysis Of P Putida Kt2440 Growing In the contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The resilient ability of P. putida to thrive in the presence of high TNT concentrations is illustrated by comparison with Stenotro-phomonas sp. OK-5, an isolate from TNT-contaminated soils, which cannot sustain TNT concentrations above 0.4 mM (Ho et al, 2004), and the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which does not survive at TNT concentrations as low as 0.01 mM (Patel et al, 2004).…”

Section: Growth Of P Putida Kt2440 In the Presence Of Tntmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial responses to xenobiotic compounds. Identification of genes that allow Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to cope with 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene

Fernández

Duque

Pizarro‐Tobías

et al. 2009

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryPseudomonas putida KT2440 grows in M9 minimal medium with glucose in the presence of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) at a similar rate than in the absence of TNT, although global transcriptional analysis using DNA microarrays revealed that TNT exerts some stress. Response to TNT stress is regulated at the transcriptional level, as significant changes in the level of expression of 65 genes were observed. Of these genes, 39 appeared upregulated, and 26 were downregulated. The identity of upregulated genes suggests that P. putida uses two kinds of strategies to overcome TNT toxicity: (i) induction of genes encoding nitroreductases and detoxification‐related enzymes (pnrA, xenD, acpD) and (ii) induction of multidrug efflux pump genes (mexEF/oprN) to reduce intracellular TNT concentrations. Mutants of 13 up‐ and 7 downregulated genes were analysed with regards to TNT toxicity revealing the role of the MexE/MexF/OprN pump and a putative isoquinoline 1‐oxidoreductase in tolerance to TNT. The ORF PP1232 whose transcriptional level did not change in response to TNT affected growth in the presence of nitroaromatic compounds and it was found in a screening of 4000 randomly generated mutants.

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Section: Transcriptional Analysis Of P Putida Kt2440 Growing In the contrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Of P Putida Kt2440 In the Presence Of Tntmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial responses to xenobiotic compounds. Identification of genes that allow Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to cope with 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene

Fernández

Duque

Pizarro‐Tobías

et al. 2009

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…Therefore, in response to growing concern about the health effects and the ecological threats posed by TNT, numerous recent studies have been focused on its toxicity (Dodard et al 2004;Patel et al 2004;Schaefer 2004), environmental fate (Lynch et al 2003;Kim et al 2004;Weiss et al 2004b, c), detection methods (Altamirano et al 2004;Borch & Gerlach 2004;Buryakov 2004;Charles et al 2004;Jung et al 2004;Weiss et al 2004a), size and mass distributions of TNT particles scattered by detonation (Taylor et al 2004) and, last but not least, (bio)degradation.…”

Section: Nitroaromatic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Strategies for the Mineralisation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

Stenuit

Eyers

Fantroussi

et al. 2005

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is known to be one of the most common military explosives. In spite of its established toxicity and mutagenicity for many organisms, soils and groundwater are still being frequently contaminated at manufacturing, disposal and TNT destruction sites. The inability of natural aquatic and soil biota to use TNT as growth substrate has been recognized as the primary limitation in the application of bioremediation processes to contaminated environments. However, promising degradation pathways have been recently discovered which may lead to the mineralisation of TNT. Significant advances have been made in studying the mechanism of TNT denitration, which can be considered as the major reaction and the driving force towards beneficial biodegradation. The possibilities to favour TNT denitration are discussed based on current knowledge of the enzymology and genetics of denitration in nitroaromatic degrading organisms. The literature survey demonstrates that the only enzymes characterized so far for their denitrase activity towards TNT belong to the class I flavin-dependent b/a barrel oxidoreductases, also known as the ''Old Yellow Enzyme'' family. In addition, this review provides an overview of strategies and future directions towards a rational search for new catabolic activities, including metagenomic library screening, plus new possibilities to improve the activity of known catabolic enzymes acting on TNT, such as DNA shuffling.

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“…This could be a distinguishing feature of TNT induced physiological stress from natural stresses. Experiments with green algae have shown a genetic response that affects the electron transport chain and which can result in oxidative stress (Patel et al 2004). However, oxidative stress is a response observed in plants due to various types of stresses, both biotic and abiotic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote detection of plant physiological responses to TNT soil contamination

Naumann¹,

Anderson²,

Young

2009

Plant Soil

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Our study was aimed at understanding physiological responses to trinitrotoluene (TNT) soil contamination, and using optical methods to detect TNT-induced stress in a woody plant prior to visible changes. Myrica cerifera plants were potted in soil concentrations of TNT ranging from 30-500 mg kg −1 . Physiological measurements were significantly affected by TNT exposure at all treatment levels, and photosynthetic decline likely resulted from metabolic impairment rather than stomatal closure as the experiment progressed. Several reflectance indices were able to detect TNT-induced stress before any changes in chlorophyll concentrations occurred. The most sensitive index was the simple ratio R 761 /R 757 which is linked to fluorescence in-filling of the 0 2 atmospheric absorption. Changes at R 740 /R 850 and R 735 /R 850 may be attributed to both fluorescence and structural characteristics of leaf anatomy in the near infrared region. This could have been influenced by transformation and conjugation of TNT metabolites with other compounds. chlorophyll index (CHL) or in the water band index (WBI 970 ), which are indices typically associated with drought stress, and may provide a means of separating stress due to explosives. Further studies need to be conducted with a combination of stressors (TNT and natural) to determine if responses are in fact generalized or if any of these changes are separable from natural stress. AbbreviationsTNT Trinitrotoluene PPFD photosynthetic photon flux density g wv stomatal conductance A Net net photosynthetic rate F o minimal fluorescence in dark-adapted leaves F m maximal fluorescence in dark-adapted leaves F v /F m maximum quantum use efficiency of PSII in the dark-adapted state F′ o minimal fluorescence in light-adapted leaves F′ m maximal fluorescence in light-adapted leaves F s steady-state fluorescence ΔF/F′ m, fraction of absorbed photons that are used for photochemistry in a light-adapted leaf F′ v /F′ m effective quantum use efficiency of PSII in the light-adapted state PSII photosystem II WBI water band index Plant Soil (

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Differential gene expression of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using microarray analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Microbial responses to xenobiotic compounds. Identification of genes that allow Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to cope with 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene

Microbial responses to xenobiotic compounds. Identification of genes that allow Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to cope with 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene

Promising Strategies for the Mineralisation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

Remote detection of plant physiological responses to TNT soil contamination

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