Differential gene expression in liver of colored broiler chicken divergently selected for residual feed intake

Comparative analysis of the hypothalamus transcriptome of laying ducks with different residual feeding intake

“…Poultry production systems have a negative effect on the environment as they can cause global warming, eutrophication, and acidification ( Leinonen and Kyriazakis, 2016 ). Feed costs accounting for approximately 60 to 70% of poultry farming costs, feed utilization is an important component of the profitability of the poultry industry ( Prakash et al, 2021 ). Hence, increasing poultry feed efficiency cannot only reduce environmental pollution but also promote the sustainable development of the poultry industry.…”

Diet replacement with whole insect larvae affects intestinal morphology and microbial ecosystem of broiler chickens

“…Feed cost, on the other hand, constitutes about 60-70% of the total cost of poultry production [3] . Since major components of poultry feed, such as maize and soyabean, are not only being consumed by human beings and animals but also utilised in high quantities for other commercial purposes (e.g., oils, biofuel and other industrial products) [4] , maximising feed e ciency can contribute to the reduction of production costs [5] . Despite the signi cant improvement that has been achieved in FCR, however, a 40-45% of waste is still generated, paving the way to speci c feed additives that have been found to improve feed e ciency.…”

“…These substances continuously intensify their role in poultry diets, reducing production costs while allowing the utilisation of maize and soyabean in other streams as well [6] . Furthermore, the impact on feed e ciency has not been equally high to speci c characteristics of chicken, such as growth and body composition, possibly due to the focus of experimental designs on elements other than the individual variation of birds [5] . Novel feed additives and approaches, such as global transcriptome analysis, are therefore required in order to identify genotypes showing improved feed e ciency.…”

“…Higher body weight can be achieved through rapid growth during the starter period; therefore, it is very important for the economy of poultry production to identify the genes and pathways involved in such growth, as this would lead to the use of less feed [5] . Gene identi cation and their role in biological processes is achieved through gene expression analysis.…”

“…The transcriptional levels of several genes can be controlled by hepatic enzymes [14] , forming important enzymes in various amino acids biosynthesis and recycling; such enzymes include the methionine synthase (5-methyl tetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), the spermine synthase (SMS), the methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MSRB1) and the betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Although several studies have used high inclusion levels of TM larvae, it is not clear whether the effects of a dietary part-replacement with whole insect larvae on the expression of broilers hepatic genes have been yet reported [5] .…”