Differential gene expression during seed germination in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract

A barley cDNA macroarray comprising 1,440 unique genes was used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression in embryo, scutellum and endosperm tissue during different stages of germination. Among the set of expressed genes, 69 displayed the highest mRNA level in endosperm tissue, 58 were up-regulated in both embryo and scutellum, 11 were specifically expressed in the embryo and 16 in scutellum tissue. Based on Blast X analyses, 70% of the differentially expressed genes could be assigned a putative function. One set of genes, expressed in both embryo and scutellum tissue, included functions in cell division, protein translation, nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and some transporters. The other set of genes expressed in endosperm encodes several metabolic pathways including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism as well as protease inhibitors and storage proteins. As shown for a storage protein and a trypsin inhibitor, the endosperm of the germinating barley grain contains a considerable amount of residual mRNA which was produced during seed development and which is degraded during early stages of germination. Based on similar expression patterns in the endosperm tissue, we identified 29 genes which may undergo the same degradation process.

Differentially expressed genes during malting and correlation with malting quality phenotypes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

“…Genes involved in stress and defense response made up a major portion of diVerentially expressed transcripts in all four malting stages studied. Previous studies of germinating barley seeds have reported similar Wndings (Potokina et al 2002;Watson and Henry 2005;White et al 2006). This is not surprising since malting is not performed under aseptic conditions and barley seeds contain an inherent microbial Xora consisting of fungi, bacteria, and yeasts (Flannigan 2003).…”

“…DiVerentially expressed genes during germination in barley were also studied using cDNA arrays (Potokina et al 2002;Watson and Henry 2005). Using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to conduct transcript proWling during malting in barley, the most abundant transcripts identiWed by (White et al 2006) overlapped with most genes identiWed in cDNA array-based studies (Potokina et al 2002;Watson and Henry 2005).…”

Primary metabolite mobilization during germination in rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) seeds

“…Germination of seeds is a multi-stage process requiring the coordinated expression of numerous genes in different tissues (POTONIKA et al, 2002). Under favorable conditions, seeds begins to germinate and the embryonic tissues resume growth, developing into seedlings, with germination being completed when a part of the embryo, the radicle, extends to penetrate the structures surrounding it (BEWLEY, 1997).…”

The Effect of α-Amanitin on the Arabidopsis Seed Proteome Highlights the Distinct Roles of Stored and Neosynthesized mRNAs during Germination

“…While the processes and genes regulating embryogenesis and maturation are being identified (Errampalli et al, 1991;Girke et al, 2000;BrocardGifford et al, 2003;Gallardo et al, 2003;Tzafrir et al, 2003), only very recent studies addressed the question of the exact requirements for germination, particularly in terms of de novo RNA and protein syntheses (Bradford et al, 2000;Bove et al, 2001;Gallardo et al, 2001Gallardo et al, , 2002aKoornneef et al, 2002;Potokina et al, 2002;van der Geest, 2002;Duque and Chua, 2003;Jabrin et al, 2003;Ogawa et al, 2003). Although it is widely documented that, in addition to the storage proteins, mature dry seeds accumulate during maturation a number of proteins that are involved in various cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription, translation, metabolism, or defense mechanisms (e.g.…”