Differential gene expression after complete spinal cord transection in adult rats: An analysis focused on a subchronic post-injury stage

Zhang, K.-H.; Xiao, Huasheng; Lü, Peng; Shi, Jing; Li, G.-D.; Wang, Y.-T.; Han, Shu; Zhang, F.-X.; Lu, Yuanzheng; Zhang, Xiangxiong; Xu, Xiao–Ming

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.008

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Several studies have documented the gene expression changes in the injured spinal cord [25,35,36,104,177]. The disadvantage of such an approach is the inability to easily identify cell-specific gene changes.…”

Section: Identification Of Novel Molecular Regulators and Pioneering mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI

Benton

Hagg

2011

Transl. Stroke Res.

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Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a progressive secondary degeneration which exacerbates the loss of penumbral tissue and neurological function. Here, we first provide an overview of the known pathophysiological mechanisms involving injured microvasculature and molecular regulators that contribute to the loss and dysfunction of existing and new blood vessels. We also highlight the differences between traumatic and ischemic injuries which may yield clues as to the more devastating nature of traumatic injuries, possibly involving toxicity associated with hemorrhage. We also discuss known species differences with implications for choosing models, their relevance and utility to translate new treatments towards the clinic. Throughout this review, we highlight the potential opportunities and proof-of-concept experimental studies for targeting therapies to endothelial cell-specific responses. Lastly, we comment on the need for vascular mechanisms to be included in drug development and non-invasive diagnostics such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and imaging of spinal cord pathology.

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Section: Identification Of Novel Molecular Regulators and Pioneering mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI

Benton

Hagg

2011

Transl. Stroke Res.

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“…It has been demonstrated that three members of this family, annexins I, II, and V, could exert potent anti-inflammatory effects [9][10][11][12] . Previous studies showed that the expression of annexins I, II, V increased in the spinal cord tissue adjacent to the transection [13] or the contusion [14] region, and it is believed that these annexins exert anti-inflammatory actions through the inhibition of PLA 2 activity [5,15] , a key enzyme responsible for inflammation and cytotoxicity [16][17] . An anti-inflammatory effect of annexin I was confirmed in vitro; furthermore, neurotrophic effects of annexins I and V on cultured neurons were also revealed [18][19][20] ; however, the effects of annexin II on posttraumatic insults remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neurotrophic Effects of Combined Therapy with Annexin II and Reg-2 on Injured Spinal Cord

Fang

Huang²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

Neurosignals

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The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Ca²⁺-dependent phospholipid-binding protein annexin II and a secreted protein Reg-2 (regeneration gene protein 2) in spinal cord injury (SCI) model produced by contusion SCI at T₉ using the weight drop method. The agents were delivered intrathecally with Alzet miniosmotic pumps. We found that annexin II and Reg-2 remarkably reduced neuronal death, attenuated tissue damage and alleviated detrimental inflammation in vivo; meanwhile, a significant increase in white matter sparing and myelination area was observed. The propriospinal axons and long-distance supraspinal pathways were protected by the treatments as revealed by retrograde tracing. Basso Beattie Bresnahan locomotor rating scores also revealed a measurable behavioral improvement. However, no evident behavioral improvements in locomotor performance were achieved by the combined treatment with annexin II and Reg-2, compared with the separate treatment with annexin II and Reg-2.

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“…Reports showed that this increase persisted for 14 days and reached a level of 7.5 fold above the baseline (Zhang et al, 2004). During development, a transition of immature astroglia to mature astrocytes is characterized by a progressive reduction of the vimentin filament and an increase in the GFAP filament (Oudega and Marani, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Up-Regulated Genes After Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Adult Rats

Ma¹,

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2006

Cell Mol Neurobiol

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates a cascade of events and these responses to injury are likely to be mediated and reflected by changes in mRNA concentrations. As a step towards understanding the complex mechanisms underlying repair and regeneration after SCI, the gene expression pattern was examined 4.5 days after complete transection at T8-9 level of rat spinal cord. Improved subtractive hybridization was used to establish a subtracted cDNA library using cDNAs from normal rat spinal cord as driver and cDNAs from injured spinal cord as tester. By expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing, we obtained 73 EST fragments from this library, representing 40 differentially expressed genes. Among them, 32 were known genes and 8 were novel genes. Functions of all annotated genes were scattered in almost every important field of cell life such as DNA repair, detoxification, mRNA quality control, cell cycle control, and signaling, which reflected the complexity of SCI and regeneration. Then we verified subtraction results with semiquantitative RT-PCR for eight genes. These analyses confirmed, to a large extent, that the subtraction results accurately reflected the molecular changes occurring at 4.5 days post-SCI. The current study identified a number of genes that may shed new light on SCI-related inflammation, neuroprotection, neurite-outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and astrogliosis. In conclusion, the identification of molecular changes using improved subtractive hybridization may lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms responsible for repair and regeneration after SCI.

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Differential gene expression after complete spinal cord transection in adult rats: An analysis focused on a subchronic post-injury stage

Cited by 34 publications

References 67 publications

Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI

Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI

Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neurotrophic Effects of Combined Therapy with Annexin II and Reg-2 on Injured Spinal Cord

Identification of Up-Regulated Genes After Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Adult Rats

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