Differential gender effects of a reduced‐calorie diet on systemic inflammatory and immune parameters in nonhuman primates

Abstract

Dietary manipulation, including caloric restriction, has been shown to significantly impact host response capabilities, particularly associated with aging. This investigation compared systemic inflammatory and immune response molecules in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on continuous long term calorie-restricted (CR) diets with a matched group of animals on a control diet, examining the effects of both gender and aging. The results demonstrated that haptoglobin and α 1 antiglycoprotein were elevated in serum of male monkeys. Serum IgG antibody responses to C. rectus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. gingivalis were significantly elevated in female monkeys. While only the antibody to F. nucleatum was significantly affected by the calorie-restricted diet in females, antibody levels to P. intermedia, C. rectus and T. denticola demonstrated a similar trend. In this investigation, only selected serum antibody levels were influenced by the age in male animals, seemingly related to increasing clinical disease in this gender. More generally, analytes were modulated by gender and/or diet in this oral model system of mucosal microbial challenge.

Comparative analysis of gingival tissue antigen presentation pathways in ageing and periodontitis

“…It is clear that the primate model has provided the essential bridge for understanding the interaction of selected members of the subgingival microbiota with the host, particularly as reflected by the longitudinal alterations, which occur in the clinical and microbiological progression of ligature-induced periodontitis similar to the human periodontal experience (Madden and Caton, 1994, Persson et al, 1993). We and others have shown that characteristics of the inflammatory response and systemic humoral immune responses that accompany ligature-induced periodontitis in nonhuman primates parallel those observed in human periodontitis (Ebersole et al, 2010, Ebersole et al, 2009, Ebersole et al, 2008b, Ebersole et al, 2002, Persson et al, 1994). Soluble receptors to IL-1 and TNF significantly inhibited recruitment of inflammatory cells in close proximity to bone, reduced osteoclast formation, and reduced bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in a nonhuman primate animal model (Assuma et al, 1998, Delima et al, 2001).…”

“…The accepted paradigm from these observations is that the disease in aging represents an accumulation of noxious challenge over time linked with more general disruptions in the integrity of the periodontal tissues (Hajishengallis, 2010, Gonzalez et al, 2011, Ebersole et al, 2008b, Ebersole et al, 2008a). However, substantial literature from other models of infection has demonstrated significant age-associated increases in susceptibility to infections.…”

“…However, substantial literature from other models of infection has demonstrated significant age-associated increases in susceptibility to infections. These observations have identified decreases in the capacity of older individuals to produce specific antibody (Frasca et al, 2011), and alterations in T cell activation profiles that could affect antibody levels/functions (Ebersole et al, 2008b, McArthur et al, 1995, Haynes and Swain, 2012). …”

Caloric restriction reduces IgA levels and modifies cytokine mRNA expression in mouse small intestine

“…The observed decrease in serum IgG with CR evidences the effect of this regimen on the systemic humoral as well as intestinal immune responses. On the contrary, in another study with CR an increase was observed in the number of IgM and IgG cells in spleen and serum immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) in mice and monkeys [31][32][33] These apparently contrary results could be due to the different type of dietary protocols employed. Whereas Ebersole et al [31] used an energy-restricted high fat diet or a continuous long-term calorierestricted diet, we used an alternate day calorie restriction diet.…”

Effects of Age and Oral Disease on Systemic Inflammatory and Immune Parameters in Nonhuman Primates

“…We have also characterized the effects of aging on naturally occurring periodontitis, and we use a specific ligature-induced model of specific challenge to the oral cavity to describe acute responses of mucosal tissues during aging. In addition, this model has allowed us to document gender and diet effects on local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses that are altered with aging (25). FIG.…”