Differential functional magnetic resonance imaging response to food pictures in successful weight-loss maintainers relative to normal-weight and obese controls

McCaffery, Jeanne M.; Haley, Andreana P.; Sweet, Lawrence H.; Phelan, Suzanne; Raynor, Hollie A.; Parigi, Angelo Del; Cohen, Ron; Wing, Rena R.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27924

Cited by 135 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The event-related design likely contributed to the results during unbiased viewing, in that there was less reward activation in overweight participants compared with healthy-weight ones. These findings differ from other studies in which a blocked design was used [17][18][19]56 and the opposite was found, that is, greater reward activation in those who were overweight. Assuming that craving is stronger when consecutively viewing multiple high-calorie palatable food pictures (blocked design) versus seeing them intermittently mixed with pictures of another category (event-related design), a blocked design may seduce participants to indulge in craving more so than an event-related design, even if participants are not explicitly instructed to do so.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Reward activity in satiated overweight women is decreased during unbiased viewing but increased when imagining taste: an event-related fMRI study

et al. 2011

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Objective: The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate reward-related brain activity in satiated overweight and healthy-weight participants in response to high-calorie palatable food pictures, when viewing the pictures without prior instructions (called unbiased viewing) versus imagining the taste of the shown pictures (called taste imagination). We predicted that neural activation in brain reward regions would be greater in overweight participants than in healthy-weight ones and that this difference between groups would be strongest during unbiased viewing. Method: Neural activation was measured using fMRI in 14 overweight (mean body mass index (BMI): 29.8 kg m À2 ) and 15 healthy-weight (mean BMI: 21.1 kg m À2 ) participants who were satiated, in response to palatable and unpalatable highcalorie and low-calorie food pictures, presented in an event-related design during two conditions: unbiased viewing (no prior instructions) versus taste imagination. Results: A group Â condition interaction was found in 14 brain regions involved in food reward processing during the presentation of high-calorie palatable food stimuli. During the taste imagination condition, neural activation in these regions was greater in the overweight participants than in the healthy-weight ones. Contrary to our expectations, the opposite pattern was observed during unbiased viewing: activation in reward regions in the overweight participants was reduced compared with the healthy-weight ones. In all brain reward regions except for the left amygdala, the group Â condition interaction was specific to high-calorie palatable food stimuli. Conclusion: Greater reward activity in the overweight participants compared with the control group when imagining taste may represent an increased reward response induced by high-calorie palatable food. During unbiased viewing, reduced reward activation in the overweight participants compared with those with a healthy weight may reflect avoidance of high-calorie palatable food stimuli. Taken together, this pattern of activation may reflect ambivalence in the overweight group between desire for (in the taste imagination condition) and avoidance of (in the unbiased viewing condition) high-calorie palatable food stimuli.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Reward activity in satiated overweight women is decreased during unbiased viewing but increased when imagining taste: an event-related fMRI study

et al. 2011

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“…Studies in successful dieters and weight loss maintainers revealed increased neural activation in the prefrontal cortex (28,29), which could be a possible mechanism in making healthy choices. Specifically, when told to resist cravings, heightened prefrontal activity was observed in successful weight loss maintainers after gastric bypass surgery (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Insulin Resistance in Homeostatic and Cognitive Control Brain Areas in Overweight and Obese Adults

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVEImpaired brain insulin action has been linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the central nervous effects of insulin in obese humans still remain ill defined, and no study thus far has evaluated the specific brain areas affected by insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn 25 healthy lean and 23 overweight/obese participants, we performed magnetic resonance imaging to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and 15 and 30 min after application of intranasal insulin or placebo. Additionally, participants explicitly rated pictures of high-caloric savory and sweet food 60 min after the spray for wanting and liking. RESULTSIn response to insulin compared with placebo, we found a significant CBF decrease in the hypothalamus in both lean and overweight/obese participants. The magnitude of this response correlated with visceral adipose tissue independent of other fat compartments. Furthermore, we observed a differential response in the lean compared with the overweight/obese group in the prefrontal cortex, resulting in an insulin-induced CBF reduction in lean participants only. This prefrontal cortex response significantly correlated with peripheral insulin sensitivity and eating behavior measures such as disinhibition and food craving. Behaviorally, we were able to observe a significant reduction for the wanting of sweet foods after insulin application in lean men only. CONCLUSIONSBrain insulin action was selectively impaired in the prefrontal cortex in overweight and obese adults and in the hypothalamus in participants with high visceral adipose tissue, potentially promoting an altered homeostatic set point and reduced inhibitory control contributing to overeating behavior.

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“…Recent fMRI studies suggest obese and normal-weight individuals differ substantially in their neural activation in response to visual food cues (17,83,96,105 Moreover, no information was reported on the subject"s dietary restraint or previous dieting habits, so the findings could be attributed to this group of obese men attempting to suppress the rewarding signals of food (e.g. similar to that of successful dieters).…”

Section: Neuronal Response In Obese Individualsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In our study, subjects were healthy, normal-weight and habitually active. In contrast, others used sedentary, overweight or obese individuals (17,71,83) or did not report physical activity levels (50). Previous studies have found that habitually active individuals have suppressed appetite hormones and no increase in food intake after exercise (54, 116).…”

Section: Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Exercise on Brain Responses to Visual Food Cues: An fMRI Study

Evero¹

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Impact of Exercise on Brain Responses to Visual Food Cues: An fMRI Study Nero Erezi EveroOn the basis of a strong body of data, the Institute of Medicine currently recommends at least 60 minutes of exercise per day to prevent body weight gain overtime. Previous studies have shown that there is no compensatory increase in food intake with this dose of exercise. Ultimately, the brain decides whether to alter food intake. Surprisingly, no published studies have assessed the impact of exercise on brain activation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an appetite questionnaire, we investigated the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on brain responses to visual food cues and subjective appetite responses. After an overnight fast, 30 (17M, 13W), healthy, habitually active subjects (22.0±3.8 years, 23.6±2.4 kg/m 2 , 44.3±8.3 mL•kg -1 •min -1 ) either rested or exercised for 60 minutes, in a counterbalanced crossover design. Immediately after each condition, blood oxygen dependent levels were determined in response to visual food cues of different energy value during an fMRI scan. Exercise showed significantly greater activation (P < .005, uncorrected) in regions implicated in food inhibition (superior frontal gyrus, medial surface), and visual attention (precuneus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus) regions.However, exercise did show a greater activation in a food reward region (medial orbitofrontal cortex). The rest condition only showed greater activation in a visual center (fusiform gyrus) and the midbrain. In addition, relative to no-exercise, subjective appetite responses were suppressed following the exercise bout. Taken altogether, these v data suggest exercise may impact the brain in a direction expected to suppress food intake and increase food attention, which is in line with previous behavioral, biological and fMRI data. These findings may explain, at least partially, why aerobic exercise does not lead to a compensatory increase in food intake.

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Differential functional magnetic resonance imaging response to food pictures in successful weight-loss maintainers relative to normal-weight and obese controls

Cited by 135 publications

References 18 publications

Reward activity in satiated overweight women is decreased during unbiased viewing but increased when imagining taste: an event-related fMRI study

Reward activity in satiated overweight women is decreased during unbiased viewing but increased when imagining taste: an event-related fMRI study

Selective Insulin Resistance in Homeostatic and Cognitive Control Brain Areas in Overweight and Obese Adults

Impact of Exercise on Brain Responses to Visual Food Cues: An fMRI Study

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