Differential Flatness-Based Cascade Energy/Current Control of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source for Modern e–Vehicle Applications

Yodwong, Burin; Thounthong, Phatiphat; Guilbert, Damien; Bizon, Nicu

doi:10.3390/math8050704

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The idea of more common use of electric cars, especially in the field of urban mobility, is now popular all over the world [62][63][64][65]. The use of electric vehicles is the subject of numerous studies regarding both the improvement of vehicles and batteries [66,67] and the propensity of users [67][68][69][70] but also from the point of view of transport planning with the location of charging stations [71,72].…”

Section: Pollutant Impact Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

et al. 2021

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Urban agglomerations close to road infrastructure are particularly exposed to harmful exhaust emissions from motor vehicles and this problem is exacerbated at road intersections. Roundabouts are one of the most popular intersection designs in recent years, making traffic flow smoother and safer, but especially at peak times they are subject to numerous stop-and-go operations by vehicles, which increase the dispersion of emissions with high particulate matter rates. The study focused on a specific area of the city of Rzeszow in Poland. This country is characterized by the current composition of vehicle fleets connected to combustion engine vehicles. The measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by means of a preliminary survey campaign in the vicinity of the intersection made it possible to assess the impact of vehicle traffic on the dispersion of pollutants in the air. The present report presents some strategies to be implemented in the examined area considering a comparison of current and project scenarios characterized both by a modification of the road geometry (through the introduction of a turbo roundabout) and the composition of the vehicular flow with the forthcoming diffusion of electric vehicles. The study presents an exemplified methodology for comparing scenarios aimed at optimizing strategic choices for the local administration and also shows the benefits of an increased electric fleet. By processing the data with specific tools and comparing the scenarios, it was found that a conversion of 25% of the motor vehicles to electric vehicles in the current fleet has reduced the concentration of PM10 by about 30% along the ring road, has led to a significant reduction in the length of particulate concentration of the motorway, and it has also led to a significant reduction in the length of the particulate concentration for the access roads to the intersection.

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Section: Pollutant Impact Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

et al. 2021

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“…In this work, i CH ∈ R > 0. With the notion that the converter operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM), the well-known ordinary differential equations in the average model form [31,32] with the studied 2-phase converters (N = 2) are given by…”

Section: Model Of Multi-phase Boost Converter/dc Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Control of Fuel Cell Converter Based on a New Hamiltonian Energy Function for Stabilizing the DC Bus in DC Microgrid Applications

et al. 2020

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DC microgrid applications include electric vehicle systems, shipboard power systems, and More Electric Aircraft (MEA), which produce power at a low voltage level. Rapid developments in hydrogen fuel cell (FC) energy have extended the applications of multi-phase parallel interleaved step-up converters in stabilizing DC bus voltage. The cascade architecture of power converters in DC microgrids may lead to large oscillation and even risks of instability given that the load converters considered as loads feature constant power load (CPL) characteristics. In this article, the output DC bus voltage stabilization and the current sharing of a multi-phase parallel interleaved FC boost converter is presented. The extended Port-Hamiltonian (pH) form has been proposed with the robust controller by adding an integrator action based on the Lyapunov−Energy function, named “Adaptive Hamiltonian PI controller”. The stability and robustness of the designed controller have been estimated by using Mathematica and Matlab/Simulink environments and successfully authenticated by performing experimental results in the laboratory. The results have been obtained using a 2.5 kW prototype FC converter (by two-phase parallel interleaved boost converters) with a dSPACE MicroLabBox platform. The FC main source system is based on a fuel reformer engine that transforms fuel methanol and water into hydrogen gas H2 to a polymer electrolyte membrane FC stack (50 V, 2.5 kW).

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“…In 1995, the differential flatness approach was proposed by Fliess et al [24]. Based on this work carried out by Fliess et al [24], the differential flatness control strategy has been employed successfully in several works to control power electronics and manage energy flows in embedded applications [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In [25], the differential flatness control is applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle to solve trajectory planning issues, whereas in [26], this control is used in a stand-alone power supply to manage different sources (i.e., fuel cell (FC), batteries, and SCs) connected to classic converters (i.e., boosts for the FC and buck-boosts for the energy storage devices).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [28][29][30], the control of the AC-DC converter and DC-AC converters supplying permanent magnet synchronous motors is based on a differential flatness approach. Finally, in [32] the control of a two-phase interleaved buck-boost converters connected to energy storage devices (i.e., batteries and SC) and the stability of the DC bus in a hybrid electric vehicle is ensured by the use of this nonlinear control. Recently, the research works on the small-signal and large-signal stabilities of DC-DC converters have become one of the main significant and complex topics in the field of electrical engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper presents the characteristics and conception of the PEMFC hybrid power source in mobility networks including SCs as the energy storage backup. Compared to the previous works reported in the literature and related to this research topic [26,31,32], the PEMFC is directly connected to the DC bus without using a step-up DC-DC converter (i.e., boost or interleaved boost converter) and a two-port bidirectional DC/DC topology is used to manage the operation of the SCs. Hence, the DC bus voltage is not constant and may change according to the operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Flatness Based-Control Strategy of a Two-Port Bidirectional Supercapacitor Converter for Hydrogen Mobility Applications

et al. 2020

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This article is focused on an original control approach applied to a transportation system that includes a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the main energy source and supercapacitors (SC) as the energy storage backup. To interface the SC with the DC bus of the embedded network, a two-port bidirectional DC-DC converter was used. To control the system and ensure its stability, a reduced-order mathematical model of the network was developed through a nonlinear control approach employing a differential flatness algorithm, which is an attractive and efficient solution to make the system stable by overcoming the dynamic issues generally met in the power electronics networks of transportation systems. The design and tuning of the system control were not linked with the equilibrium point at which the interactions between the PEMFC main source, the SC energy storage device, and the loads are taken into consideration by the proposed control law. Besides this, high dynamics in the load power rejection were accomplished, which is the main contribution of this article. To verify the effectiveness of the developed control law, a small-scale experimental test rig was realized in the laboratory and the control laws were implemented in a dSPACE 1103 controller board. The experimental tests were performed with a 1 kW PEMFC source and a 250 F 32 V SC module as an energy storage backup. Lastly, the performances of the proposed control strategy were validated based on real experimental results measured during driving cycles, including motoring mode, ride-though, and regenerative braking mode.

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Differential Flatness-Based Cascade Energy/Current Control of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source for Modern e–Vehicle Applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

Adaptive Control of Fuel Cell Converter Based on a New Hamiltonian Energy Function for Stabilizing the DC Bus in DC Microgrid Applications

Differential Flatness Based-Control Strategy of a Two-Port Bidirectional Supercapacitor Converter for Hydrogen Mobility Applications

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