Differential Feedback Modulation of Center and Surround Mechanisms in Parvocellular Cells in the Visual Thalamus

Jones, Helen; Andolina, Ian M.; Ahmed, Bashir; Shipp, Stewart; Clements, Jake T C; Grieve, Kenneth L.; Cudeiro, Javier; Salt, Thomas E.; Sillito, Adam M.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0831-12.2012

Cited by 41 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Collectively, these results indicate that feedforward inputs from the retina make a major contribution to the nonlinear receptive field properties of neurons in the LGN. The neural origin of extraclassical suppression in the LGN has been a subject of considerable investigation, with studies providing evidence for involvement from corticogeniculate feedback (Andolina et al 2013;Jones et al 2012;Murphy and Sillito 1987;Nolt et al 2007;Olsen et al 2012) and recurrent thalamic inhibition (Cheng et al 1995;Sclar 1987;Vaingankar et al 2012;Webb et al 2005). Here we show that retinal ganglion cells in the cat exhibit ϳ70% of the suppression measured in the LGN (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surround suppression and temporal processing of visual signals

Alitto

Usrey

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Alitto HJ, Usrey WM. Surround suppression and temporal processing of visual signals. J Neurophysiol 113: 2605-2617, 2015. First published February 4, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00480.2014.-Extraclassical surround suppression strongly modulates responses of neurons in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and primary visual cortex. Although a great deal is known about the spatial properties of extraclassical suppression and the role it serves in stimulus size tuning, relatively little is known about how extraclassical suppression shapes visual processing in the temporal domain. We recorded the spiking activity of retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons in the cat to test the hypothesis that extraclassical suppression influences temporal features of visual responses in the early visual system. Our results demonstrate that extraclassical suppression not only shifts the distribution of interspike intervals in a manner that decreases the efficacy of neuronal communication, it also decreases the reliability of neuronal responses to visual stimuli and it decreases the duration of visual responses, an effect that underlies a rightward shift in the temporal frequency tuning of LGN neurons. Taken together, these results reveal a dynamic relationship between extraclassical suppression and the temporal features of neuronal responses.cat; lateral geniculate nucleus; extraclassical suppression; nonlinear receptive field GAIN CONTROL MECHANISMS, including extraclassical surround suppression, are a prominent feature of visual responses in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), providing nonlinear modulation to otherwise linear receptive fields (Baccus and Meister

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surround suppression and temporal processing of visual signals

Alitto

Usrey

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…'I'm looking at the kitchen counter'; reviewed in Gilbert and Li, 2013). Experimentally, with cortical feedback intact and visual stimuli employed that exceed the classical center and surround, LGN neurons are more selective in their responses relative to when visual cortex is inactivated (Sillito et al, 1993;Cudeiro and Sillito, 2006;Jones et al, 2012;Andolina et al, 2013;see review, Sillito et al, 2006). Particularly striking are changes in selectivity associated with two sets of gratings drifting in orthogonal directions: one confined to the classic center and surround the other, absent from the center/surround, but occupying the next ~20° .…”

Section: Implementation Of the Principle Of Graceful Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

Weyand

2016

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractProviding the critical link between the retina and visual cortex, the well-studied lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has stood out as a structure in search of a function exceeding the mundane ‘relay’. For many mammals, it is structurally impressive: Exquisite lamination, sophisticated microcircuits, and blending of multiple inputs suggest some fundamental transform. This impression is bolstered by the fact that numerically, the retina accounts for a small fraction of its input. Despite such promise, the extent to which an LGN neuron separates itself from its retinal brethren has proven difficult to appreciate. Here, I argue that whereas retinogeniculate coupling is strong, what occurs in the LGN is judicious pruning of a retinal drive by nonretinal inputs. These nonretinal inputs reshape a receptive field that under the right conditions departs significantly from its retinal drive, even if transiently. I first review design features of the LGN and follow with evidence for 10 putative functions. Only two of these tend to surface in textbooks: parsing retinal axons by eye and functional group and gating by state. Among the remaining putative functions, implementation of the principle of graceful degradation and temporal decorrelation are at least as interesting but much less promoted. The retina solves formidable problems imposed by physics to yield multiple efficient and sensitive representations of the world. The LGN applies context, increasing content, and gates several of these representations. Even if the basic concentric receptive field remains, information transmitted for each LGN spike relative to each retinal spike is measurably increased.

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“…Consistent with perceptual phenomena, the stimulus evoked responses of neurons are modulated by the surround. This contextual modulation occurs at several stages of the visual system including the retina (Alitto and Usrey, 2008;Chiao and Masland, 2003;Huang et al, 2019;McIlwain, 1964;Ölveczky et al, 2003;Solomon, 2006), the thalamus (Alitto and Usrey, 2008;Jones et al, 2012Jones et al, , 2015Levick et al, 1972), and the visual cortex (Alexander and Van Leeuwen, 2010;Angelucci et al, 2017;Fitzpatrick, 2000;Kapadia et al, 2000;Knierim and van Essen, 1992;Rossi et al, 2001;Schnabel et al, 2018;Slllito et al, 1995) progressively increasing the complexity of the contextualized spatial features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Disinhibitory Circuit for Contextual Modulation in Primary Visual Cortex

Keller

Roth

Caudill

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Context strongly guides perception by influencing the saliency of sensory stimuli. Accordingly, sensory neurons respond differently to the same stimulus depending on the context in which the stimulus is embedded. In the visual system, the relationship between the features of the stimulus and those of the surround determine how excitatory neurons are modulated. Their responses are suppressed when center and surround share the same features but not when they are different. The mechanisms that relieve surround suppression and thereby generate contextual modulation remain unclear. Here we show that the disinhibitory circuit consisting of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) and vasoactiveintestinal-peptide-expressing (VIP) inhibitory neurons contextually modulates excitatory neurons in mouse primary visual cortex. When the stimulus and the surround share the same features, VIP neurons are inactive and SOM neurons can suppress excitatory neurons. However, when the features of the stimulus differ from those of the surround, VIP neurons are activated, thereby inhibiting SOM neurons and relieving excitatory neurons from suppression. Optogenetic silencing of VIP neurons, via disinhibition of SOM neurons, reduces the contextual modulation of excitatory neurons. We have identified a canonical cortical disinhibitory circuit which contributes to contextual modulation of excitatory neurons, and may thereby regulate perceptual saliency.

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Differential Feedback Modulation of Center and Surround Mechanisms in Parvocellular Cells in the Visual Thalamus

Cited by 41 publications

References 31 publications

Surround suppression and temporal processing of visual signals

Surround suppression and temporal processing of visual signals

The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus

A Disinhibitory Circuit for Contextual Modulation in Primary Visual Cortex

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