Differential Expression Profiles and Function Predictions for tRFs & tiRNAs in Skin Injury Induced by Ultraviolet Irradiation

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental factor contributing skin damage. As UV exposure is inevitable, it is necessary to pay attention to the underlying molecular mechanisms of UV-induced skin damage to develop effective therapies. tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) that are a novel class of short, non-coding RNAs. However, the functions behind tRFs & tiRNAs in UV-induced skin injury are not yet clear. Firstly, the animal model of ultraviolet irradiation induced skin damage was established. Then the skin samples were preserved for the follow-up experiment. Sequencing was used to screen expression profiles and predict target genes. Compared with normal skin, a total of 31 differentially expressed tRFs & tiRNAs were screened. Among these, 10 tRFs & tiRNAs were shown to be significantly different in expression levels, where there were 4 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated target genes. Bioinformatics analyses revealed potential up-regulated tsRNAs (tRF-Val-AAC-012, tRF-Pro-AGG-012, tRF-Val-CAC-018, tRF-Val-AAC-031) and down-regulated tsRNAs (tRF-Arg-CCT-002, tRF-Trp-TCA-001, tiRNA-Ser-GCT-001, tRF-Gly-CCC-019, tRF-Ala-TGC-001, tRF-Ala-TGC-002). In summary, it was speculated that tRF-Gly-CCC-019 plays an important role in acute skin injury induced by UVB radiation by regulating the ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) gene in the WNT signaling pathway. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of UV-induced skin injury.

Scatter Irradiation of Rat Brain Triggers Sex- and Brain Region-Specific Changes in the Expression of Non-Coding RNA Fragments

“…A previous report showed that the ultraviolet irradiation of skin results in the differential expression of several tsRNAs, upregulating tRF-Val-AAC-012, tRF-Pro-AGG-012, tRF-Val-CAC-018, and tRF-Val-AAC-031 and downregulating tRF-Arg-CCT-002, tRF-Trp-TCA-001, tiRNA-Ser-GCT-001, tRF-Gly-CCC-019, tRF-Ala-TGC-001, and tRF-Ala-TGC-002 [ 30 ]. It was speculated that tRF-Gly-CCC-019 targets the ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) gene in the WNT signaling pathway and is one of the important players in acute UVB-induced skin injury [ 30 ].…”

“…ncRNA fragments were shown to be upregulated in response to various stresses, including arsenite treatment and heat shock [ 27 ], nutrition deficiency and hypothermia [ 28 ], tissue hypoxia [ 29 ], and UV radiation [ 30 ]; more information about the role of tiRNAs in stress can be found elsewhere [ 31 ]. Angiogenin (ANG) is one of the endonucleases induced by various cellular stresses that cleave tRNAs into tiRNAs [ 27 ].…”

Editorial: Non-coding RNA in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

“…This is the first study to use predicted miRNAs to identify features that distinguish diseased samples (T2DM or AD) from normal ones, rather than traditional non-biology-based feature selection methods. One novel regulator of post-transcriptional gene expression represents tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) (8). Results of Zhao et al show that high glucose (HG) treatment induced cardiomyocyte abnormalities, as evidenced by a decrease in cell viability and autophagy activation and increase in cell death and proinflammatory cytokine release.…”

TRFs and tiRNAs sequence in acute rejection for vascularized composite allotransplantation

“…RNase angiopoietin cleaves mature tRNA to produce 31–40 nt long RNA strands, which are known as tiRNA. tiRNA can accumulate after oxidative stress, heat shock, ultraviolet radiation, or hypoxia 4 . tRFs are between 14–30 nt and can be further subdivided into tRF-5, tRF-3, and tRF-1 according to their excision positions.…”