Differential expression pattern of rubber elongation factor (REF) mRNA transcripts from high and low yielding clones of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)

Parameswaran, P.; Venkatachalam, P.; Thulaseedharan, A.

doi:10.1007/s00299-007-0402-z

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…REF1 might contribute to rubber biosynthesis by facilitating the biogenesis of LRPs or the 'growing' of SRPs to LRPs. Two pieces of evidence support this presumption: (1) the amount of REF1 protein in the whole latex has been found to be proportional to the rubber content 26 ; (2) REF1 gene expression was reported to correlate with yield levels of Hevea cultivars 27 . Taking a hypothetical stance, if REF had not evolved to facilitate the formation of LRPs, the typical tapped latex that has a dry rubber content (drc) of 33% would have less than 3% drc for the same number of SRPs per unit volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation

et al. 2016

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The Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an economically important tropical tree species that produces natural rubber, an essential industrial raw material. Here we present a high-quality genome assembly of this species (1.37 Gb, scaffold N50 = 1.28 Mb) that covers 93.8% of the genome (1.47 Gb) and harbours 43,792 predicted protein-coding genes. A striking expansion of the REF/SRPP (rubber elongation factor/small rubber particle protein) gene family and its divergence into several laticifer-specific isoforms seem crucial for rubber biosynthesis. The REF/SRPP family has isoforms with sizes similar to or larger than SRPP1 (204 amino acids) in 17 other plants examined, but no isoforms with similar sizes to REF1 (138 amino acids), the predominant molecular variant. A pivotal point in Hevea evolution was the emergence of REF1, which is located on the surface of large rubber particles that account for 93% of rubber in the latex (despite constituting only 6% of total rubber particles, large and small). The stringent control of ethylene synthesis under active ethylene signalling and response in laticifers resolves a longstanding mystery of ethylene stimulation in rubber production. Our study, which includes the re-sequencing of five other Hevea cultivars and extensive RNA-seq data, provides a valuable resource for functional genomics and tools for breeding elite Hevea cultivars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…A close involvement of REF and SRPP in rubber synthesis has been proposed based on in vitro rubber biosynthesis assays 25,26 , and a positive correlation of REF expression with rubber yield 27 . Recent transgenic studies in Taraxacum brevicorniculatum 28,29 also reveal their essential role in rubber biosynthesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation

et al. 2016

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“…For instance, the LDAP genes and their SRPP counterparts are strongly induced in some plants in response to abiotic stress (Sookmark et al, 2002;Priya et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2010;Seo et al, 2010;Fricke et al, 2013) as well as ectopic application of abscisic acid, as indicated by the Arabidopsis eFP Browser microarray database (Winter et al, 2007). LDs are also known to be involved in lipid metabolism associated with pathogen infection (Herker and Ott, 2012;Murphy, 2012), and biochemical studies have shown a significant increase in TAG and neutral lipids in plants subjected to heat, cold, drought, and salt stress (Mueller et al, 2015;Tarazona et al, 2015).…”

Section: A Role For Ldaps During the Plant Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In LDAP-disrupted plant lines, however, there were no significant decreases in neutral lipid content, although ldap3-1 and ldap3-2 mutant lines did show modest increases in neutral lipid abundance ( Fig. 3C Prior studies revealed that LDAP genes are strongly induced during abiotic stress responses in a variety of plant species (Sookmark et al, 2002;Priya et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2010;Seo et al, 2010;Fricke et al, 2013), and more recent studies have shown that neutral lipid content, particularly TAG, is increased in response to cold or heat (Mueller et al, 2015;Tarazona et al, 2015). Given that LDAPs target to LDs (Figs.…”

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confidence: 94%

Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins (LDAPs) Are Required for the Dynamic Regulation of Neutral Lipid Compartmentation in Plant Cells

et al. 2016

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Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize neutral lipids into organelles called lipid droplets (LDs), and while much is known about the role of LDs in storing triacylglycerols in seeds, their biogenesis and function in nonseed tissues are poorly understood. Recently, we identified a class of plant-specific, lipid droplet-associated proteins (LDAPs) that are abundant components of LDs in nonseed cell types. Here, we characterized the three LDAPs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to gain insight to their targeting, assembly, and influence on LD function and dynamics. While all three LDAPs targeted specifically to the LD surface, truncation analysis of LDAP3 revealed that essentially the entire protein was required for LD localization. The association of LDAP3 with LDs was detergent sensitive, but the protein bound with similar affinity to synthetic liposomes of various phospholipid compositions, suggesting that other factors contributed to targeting specificity. Investigation of LD dynamics in leaves revealed that LD abundance was modulated during the diurnal cycle, and characterization of LDAP misexpression mutants indicated that all three LDAPs were important for this process. LD abundance was increased significantly during abiotic stress, and characterization of mutant lines revealed that LDAP1 and LDAP3 were required for the proper induction of LDs during heat and cold temperature stress, respectively. Furthermore, LDAP1 was required for proper neutral lipid compartmentalization and triacylglycerol degradation during postgerminative growth. Taken together, these studies reveal that LDAPs are required for the maintenance and regulation of LDs in plant cells and perform nonredundant functions in various physiological contexts, including stress response and postgerminative growth.

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“…Previous studies showed that ethylene stimulates latex production (Coupé and Chrestin 1989) and jasmonic acid (JA) induces differentiation of lactiferous cells (Hao and Wu 2000). A recent study showed that treatment of bark with ethephon, an ethylene releaser, induced the expression of REF, and the transcript level of REF was correlated with latex yield (Priya et al 2007). The ethylene and JA signaling pathways have been intensively studied to explore the molecular mechanisms regulating laticifer differentiation and natural rubber metabolism.…”

Section: Ref-s (5′-ttg Ttt Cag Caa Ttc Gag Ct-3′) and Ref-a (5′-tca Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional responses of laticifer-specific genes to phytohormones in a suspension-cultured cell line derived from petioles of <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>

Aoki

Takahashi

Toda

et al. 2014

Plant Biotechnology

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Hevea brasiliensis is the key source of latex for commercial natural rubber production. Genetic improvement of H. brasiliensis is required to enhance natural rubber production, although the biosynthetic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we established a cell suspension culture from petiole explants of H. brasiliensis clone RRIM 600 for basic research on the biosynthesis of natural rubber. Calli were induced from petiole explants on callus induction medium supplemented with 2 mg l −1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.05 mg l −1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Then, the calli were suspension cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 2 mg l −1 2,4-D and 2 mg l −1 BA. Although transcripts of some laticifer-specific genes were detected in the cultured cells, their levels were much lower than those in the other laticifer-containing tissues. Additionally, there was no detectable activity of rubber transferase in this cell line. The laticiferspecific genes in the cell line showed transcriptional responses to phytohormone treatments. Among them, up-regulations of Rubber Elongation Factor by the ethophon treatment were concordant with those in laticifers, suggesting that these cells retained at least some of the cytochemical properties of laticifers. The cell line established in this study could be useful for biochemical and molecular studies on natural rubber biosynthesis.

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Differential expression pattern of rubber elongation factor (REF) mRNA transcripts from high and low yielding clones of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation

The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation

Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins (LDAPs) Are Required for the Dynamic Regulation of Neutral Lipid Compartmentation in Plant Cells

Transcriptional responses of laticifer-specific genes to phytohormones in a suspension-cultured cell line derived from petioles of <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>

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