Differential expression of VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 in the trigeminothalamic or trigeminocerebellar projection neurons in the rat

Abstract

The vesicular glutamate transporters, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, reportedly display complementary distribution in the rat brain. However, co-expression of them in single neurons has been reported in some brain areas. We previously found co-expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 mRNAs in a number of single neurons in the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Vp) of the adult rat; the majority of these neurons sent their axons to the thalamic regions around the posteromedial ventral nucleus (VPM) and the posterior nuclei (Po). It is well known that trigeminothalamic (T-T) projection fibers arise not only from the Vp but also from the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vsp), and that trigeminocerebellar (T-C) projection fibers take their origins from both of the Vp and Vsp. Thus, in the present study, we examined the expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in Vp and Vsp neurons that sent their axons to the VPM/Po regions or the cortical regions of the cerebellum. For this purpose, we combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) histochemistry with retrograde tract-tracing; immunofluorescence histochemistry was also combined with anterograde tract-tracing. The results indicate that glutamatergic Vsp neurons sending their axons to the cerebellar cortical regions mainly express VGLUT1, whereas glutamatergic Vsp neurons sending their axons to the thalamic regions express VGLUT2. The present data, in combination with those of our previous study, indicate that glutamatergic Vp neurons projecting to the cerebellar cortical regions express mainly VGLUT1, whereas the majority of glutamatergic Vp neurons projecting to the thalamus co-express VGLUT1 and VGLUT2.

Parallel Inhibitory and Excitatory Trigemino-Facial Feedback Circuitry for Reflexive Vibrissa Movement

“…4B). Assuming that oralis neurons are glutamatergic or GABAergic/glycinergic (Ge et al, 2014; Avedaño et al, 2005; Takatoh et al, 2013), one can infer that oralis premotor neurons provide both glutamatergic and GABAergic/glycinergic inputs to motoneurons that drive the intrinsic vibrissa muscles.…”

α-Synuclein Expression in the Mouse Cerebellum Is Restricted to VGluT1 Excitatory Terminals and Is Enriched in Unipolar Brush Cells

“…On the other hand, VGluT2 expressing climbing fibers and a majority of MFTs do not contain α-synuclein. Our data indicate that the α-synuclein + /VGluT2 + MFTs represent a subset of the VGluT1 + MFTs based on pieces of evidence: 1) all α-synuclein + MFTs express VGlut1, and 2) VGluT1 and VGulT2 are coexpressed in a small subset of MFTs [24, 25, 29]. VGluT1 and VGluT2 exhibit a complementary expression pattern in the CNS with few exceptions [24, 31].…”

“…Among the neuronal structures in which these two transporters colocalize are the MFTs in the cerebellum [24, 25, 29]. Notably, only a subset of MFTs contains both VGluT1 and VGluT2 and the frequency of these double labeled MFTs varies in different cerebellar lobules [25].…”

Multiplex gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 exhibits desirable muscle hypertrophy without detectable off-target effects in sheep

“…The muscle samples were prepared for TEM analysis as previously described39. Briefly, the muscle sections were post-fixed with 1% (w/v) glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.4) for 10 min, then washed in distilled water.…”