Differential expression of two zebrafish emx homeoprotein mRNAs in the developing brain

Mitsui, Takao; Nitta, Hiroyuki; Kiyama, Yuji; Mori, Hisashi; Mishina, Masayoshi

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11988-9

Cited by 123 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For the transcription factor Emx1, a pair of bands was observed in cortex, measuring 1.8 and 4 kb. The sizes of these transcripts have been reported as 3.3 and 5.8 kb in zebrafish (Morita et al, 1995), indicating an evolutionary difference in transcript size between fish and humans. The other transcription factor analyzed, Nfia, exhibited three bands on Northern blot analysis using extracted cortical mRNA (lane 2), measuring at 1.8, 5.4, and 9.8 kb, compared to its reported sizes of 5 and 10 kb (Misawa and Yamaguchi, 2002).…”

Section: Expression Of Commissural Regulatory Genes In Developing Hummentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging, anatomical, and molecular analysis of callosal formation in the developing human fetal brain

et al. 2006

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A complex set of axonal guidance mechanisms are utilized by axons to locate and innervate their targets. In the developing mouse forebrain, we previously described several midline glial populations as well as various guidance molecules that regulate the formation of the corpus callosum. Since agenesis of the corpus callosum is associated with over 50 different human congenital syndromes, we wanted to investigate whether these same mechanisms also operate during human callosal development. Here we analyze midline glial and commissural development in human fetal brains ranging from 13 to 20 weeks of gestation using both diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemistry. Through our combined radiological and histological studies, we demonstrate the morphological development of multiple forebrain commissures/decussations, including the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, hippocampal commissure, and the optic chiasm. Histological analyses demonstrated that all the midline glial populations previously described in mouse, as well as structures analogous to the subcallosal sling and cingulate pioneering axons, that mediate callosal axon guidance in mouse, are also present during human brain development. Finally, by Northern blot analysis, we have identified that molecules involved in mouse callosal development, including Slit, Robo, Netrin1, DCC, Nfia, Emx1,, are all expressed in human fetal brain. These data suggest that similar mechanisms and molecules required for midline commissure formation operate during both mouse and human brain development. Thus, the mouse is an excellent model system for studying normal and pathological commissural formation in human brain development.

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Section: Expression Of Commissural Regulatory Genes In Developing Hummentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging, anatomical, and molecular analysis of callosal formation in the developing human fetal brain

et al. 2006

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“…In situ hybridization probes for otpa and otpb (Ryu et al, 2007), sim1a (Löhr et al, 2009), foxb1.2 , shh (Krauss et al, 1993), emx2 (Morita et al, 1995), nkx2.1a (Rohr and Concha, 2000), wnt8b (Kelly et al, 1995), fgf8 (Reifers et al, 1998), avpl (avp -Zebrafish Information Network) (Eaton et al, 2008), oxtl (oxt -Zebrafish Information Network) (Eaton and Glasgow, 2006), fgf3 (Maroon et al, 2002), arx (Miura et al, 1997), dlx2a (Akimenko et al, 1994), mcm5 (Ryu et al, 2005), pit1 (pou1f1 -Zebrafish Information Network) (Nica et al, 2004), prl, pomca (Herzog et al, 2003 and crabp1a (Liu et al, 2005) have been described. Probes for fezf2,lef1,lhx6,irx5a,gsx2,vip,uts1 and nr5a1a were PCR amplified using cDNA of 2-5 dpf embryos with the primers listed in supplementary material Table S2 and cloned into the pCRII vector.…”

Section: Probes In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Specification of posterior hypothalamic neurons requires coordinated activities of Fezf2, Otp, Sim1a and Foxb1.2

Wolf

Ryu

2013

Development

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SUMMARYThe hypothalamus is a key integrative center in the brain that consists of diverse cell types required for a variety of functions including homeostasis, reproduction, stress response, social and cognitive behavior. Despite our knowledge of several transcription factors crucial for hypothalamic development, it is not known how the wide diversity of neuron types in the hypothalamus is produced. In particular, almost nothing is known about the mechanisms that specify neurons in the posteriormost part of the hypothalamus, the mammillary area. Here, we investigated the specification of two distinct neuron types in the mammillary area that produce the hypothalamic hormones Vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip) and Urotensin 1 (Uts1). We show that Vip-and Uts1-positive neurons develop in distinct domains in the mammillary area defined by the differential expression of the transcription factors Fezf2, Otp, Sim1a and Foxb1.2. Coordinated activities of these factors are crucial for the establishment of the mammillary area subdomains and the specification of Vip-and Uts1-positive neurons. In addition, Fezf2 is important for early development of the posterior hypothalamus. Thus, our study provides the first molecular anatomical map of the posterior hypothalamus in zebrafish and identifies, for the first time, molecular requirements underlying the specification of distinct posterior hypothalamic neuron types.

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“…Whole-mount in situ hybridization was performed according to standard protocols and developed with BMPurple (Roche) and Fast Red (Roche) or INT (iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, Sigma-Aldrich). Digoxigenin-or fluorescein-labeled probes were generated from cDNA templates: axin2 (Carl et al, 2007), dlx2a (Akimenko et al, 1994), emx3 (Morita et al, 1995), eomesa (Mione et al, 2001), foxg1a (Toresson et al, 1998), isl1 (Inoue et al, 1994), nkx2.1b (Rohr et al, 2001), ptch2 (formerly described as ptc1) (Concordet et al, 1996), six3b (Seo et al, 1998a), six7 (Seo et al, 1998b) and wnt8b (Kelly et al, 1995).…”

Section: In Situ Hybridization Immunohistochemistry and Tunelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six3 cooperates with Hedgehog signaling to specify ventral telencephalon by promoting early expression of Foxg1a and repressing Wnt signaling

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYSix3 exerts multiple functions in the development of anterior neural tissue of vertebrate embryos. Whereas complete loss of Six3 function in the mouse results in failure of forebrain formation, its hypomorphic mutations in human and mouse can promote holoprosencephaly (HPE), a forebrain malformation that results, at least in part, from abnormal telencephalon development. However, the roles of Six3 in telencephalon patterning and differentiation are not well understood. To address the role of Six3 in telencephalon development, we analyzed zebrafish embryos deficient in two out of three Six3-related genes, six3b and six7, representing a partial loss of Six3 function. We found that telencephalon forms in six3b;six7-deficient embryos; however, ventral telencephalic domains are smaller and dorsal domains are larger. Decreased cell proliferation or excess apoptosis cannot account for the ventral deficiency. Instead, six3b and six7 are required during early segmentation for specification of ventral progenitors, similar to the role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in telencephalon development. Unlike in mice, we observe that Hh signaling is not disrupted in embryos with reduced Six3 function. Furthermore, six3b overexpression is sufficient to compensate for loss of Hh signaling in isl1-but not nkx2.1b-positive cells, suggesting a novel Hh-independent role for Six3 in telencephalon patterning. We further find that Six3 promotes ventral telencephalic fates through transient regulation of foxg1a expression and repression of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway.

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Differential expression of two zebrafish emx homeoprotein mRNAs in the developing brain

Cited by 123 publications

References 7 publications

Imaging, anatomical, and molecular analysis of callosal formation in the developing human fetal brain

Imaging, anatomical, and molecular analysis of callosal formation in the developing human fetal brain

Specification of posterior hypothalamic neurons requires coordinated activities of Fezf2, Otp, Sim1a and Foxb1.2

Six3 cooperates with Hedgehog signaling to specify ventral telencephalon by promoting early expression of Foxg1a and repressing Wnt signaling

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