Differential expression of two succinate dehydrogenase subunit-B genes and a transition in energy metabolism during the development of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus

Roos, Marleen H.; Tielens, Aloysius G.M.

doi:10.1016/0166-6851(94)90154-6

Cited by 61 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…However, only SDH2-1 and SDH2-2 have been identified in the Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome . There is only one previous report describing more than one SDH2 gene in a eukaryotic organism, a sheep nematode, and this fact may be related to a switch in energy metabolism during development (Roos and Tielens, 1994). The unusual presence of three SDH2 genes in Arabidopsis raises interesting questions about their origin and function.…”

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A Nuclear Gene Encoding the Iron-Sulfur Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex II Is Regulated by B3 Domain Transcription Factors during Seed Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain. Three nuclear genes encode its essential iron-sulfur subunit in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). One of them, SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE2-3 (SDH2-3), is specifically expressed in the embryo during seed maturation, suggesting that SDH2-3 may have a role as the complex II iron-sulfur subunit during embryo maturation and/or germination. Here, we present data demonstrating that three abscisic acid-responsive elements and one RY-like enhancer element, present in the SDH2-3 promoter, are involved in embryo-specific SDH2-3 transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, we show that ABSCISIC ACID INSENSI-TIVE3 (ABI3), FUSCA3 (FUS3), and LEAFY COTYLEDON2, three key B3 domain transcription factors involved in gene expression during seed maturation, control SDH2-3 expression. Whereas ABI3 and FUS3 interact with the RY element in the SDH2-3 promoter, the abscisic acid-responsive elements are shown to be a target for bZIP53, a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of transcription factors. We show that group S1 bZIP53 protein binds the promoter as a heterodimer with group C bZIP10 or bZIP25. To the best of our knowledge, the SDH2-3 promoter is the first embryo-specific promoter characterized for a mitochondrial respiratory complex protein. Characterization of succinate dehydrogenase activity in embryos from two homozygous sdh2-3 mutant lines permits us to conclude that SDH2-3 is the major iron-sulfur subunit of mature embryo complex II. Finally, the absence of SDH2-3 in mutant seeds slows down their germination, pointing to a role of SDH2-3-containing complex II at an early step of germination.

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A Nuclear Gene Encoding the Iron-Sulfur Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex II Is Regulated by B3 Domain Transcription Factors during Seed Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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“…Furthermore, they bear target peptides able to sustain active import into isolated plant mitochondria (Figueroa et al, 2001). To our knowledge, there is only one additional report describing more than one SDH2 gene in a eukaryotic organism: the sheep nematode Haemonchus contortus (Roos and Tielens, 1994). In this organism, two SDH2 genes are differentially expressed in the larval and adult stages, a fact that may be related to a switch in energy metabolism during development.…”

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Nuclear SDH2-1 and SDH2-2 Genes, Encoding the Iron-Sulfur Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex II in Arabidopsis, Have Distinct Cell-Specific Expression Patterns and Promoter Activities

et al. 2004

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Three different nuclear genes encode the essential iron-sulfur subunit of mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), raising interesting questions about their origin and function. To find clues about their role, we have undertaken a detailed analysis of their expression. Two genes (SDH2-1 and SDH2-2) that likely arose via a relatively recent duplication event are expressed in all organs from adult plants, whereas transcripts from the third gene (SDH2-3) were not detected. The tissue-and cell-specific expression of SDH2-1 and SDH2-2 was investigated by in situ hybridization. In flowers, both genes are regulated in a similar way. Enhanced expression was observed in floral meristems and sex organ primordia at early stages of development. As flowers develop, SDH2-1 and SDH2-2 transcripts accumulate in anthers, particularly in the tapetum, pollen mother cells, and microspores, in agreement with an essential role of mitochondria during anther development. Interestingly, in contrast to the situation in flowers, only SDH2-2 appears to be expressed at a significant level in root tips. Strong labeling was observed in all cell layers of the root meristematic zone, and a cell-specific pattern of expression was found with increasing distance from the root tip, as cells attain their differentiated state. Analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying SDH2-1 and SDH2-2 promoters fused to the b-glucuronidase reporter gene indicate that both promoters have similar activities in flowers, driving enhanced expression in anthers and/or pollen, and that only the SDH2-2 promoter is active in root tips. These b-glucuronidase staining patterns parallel those obtained by in situ hybridization, suggesting transcriptional regulation of these genes. Progressive deletions of the promoters identified regions important for SDH2-1 expression in anthers and/or pollen and for SDH2-2 expression in anthers and/or pollen and root tips. Interestingly, regions driving enhanced expression in anthers are differently located in the two promoters.The mitochondrial electron transport chain of eukaryotes consists of four major multimeric enzyme complexes, one of which is succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (succinate dehydrogenase; EC 1.3.5.1), commonly referred to as complex II. This important membrane-associated complex is a functional part of both the citric acid cycle and the aerobic respiratory chain, catalyzing the oxidation of succinate to fumarate and the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol.Complex II has been well characterized in bacteria, fungi, and mammals and is known to be the simplest of all the complexes of the electron transport chain, with four subunits (Lemire and Oyedotun, 2002;Yankovskaya et al., 2003). It contains two peripheral membrane proteins, a flavoprotein (SDH1) and an iron-sulfur protein (SDH2), and two small integral membrane proteins (SDH3 and SDH4). The succinatebinding site is formed by the SDH1 polypeptide, which is linked covalently to a FAD molecule acting as acceptor o...

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“…The larval enzyme acts preferentially as a fumarate reductase, whereas the adult enzyme is optimized for succinate oxidation. In the parasitic sheep nematode Haemonchus contortus, differential expression of Sdh2p subunit isoforms occurs when the SDH of free living third stage larvae that is poised for succinate oxidation is converted to an enzyme that favors fumarate reduction in the adult stage (17). In the case of Arabidopsis thaliana, three genes for Sdh2p subunits are present; one of these, SDH2-3 is only expressed in embryonic and not vegetative tissues (18).…”

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Expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sdh3p and Sdh4p Paralogs Results in Catalytically Active Succinate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes

Szeto¹,

Reinke

Oyedotun

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Succinate dehydrogenase is a tetrameric, mitochondrial membrane protein needed for respiratory energy generation. Results: Yeast succinate dehydrogenase containing Sdh3p and Sdh4p paralogs is catalytically active. Conclusion: Expression of paralogous subunits results in enzymes with novel kinetic properties. Significance: At least four functional succinate dehydrogenase isoenzymes containing zero, one, or two paralogs can be expressed in yeast mitochondria.

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Differential expression of two succinate dehydrogenase subunit-B genes and a transition in energy metabolism during the development of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus

Cited by 61 publications

References 30 publications

A Nuclear Gene Encoding the Iron-Sulfur Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex II Is Regulated by B3 Domain Transcription Factors during Seed Development in Arabidopsis

A Nuclear Gene Encoding the Iron-Sulfur Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex II Is Regulated by B3 Domain Transcription Factors during Seed Development in Arabidopsis

Nuclear SDH2-1 and SDH2-2 Genes, Encoding the Iron-Sulfur Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex II in Arabidopsis, Have Distinct Cell-Specific Expression Patterns and Promoter Activities

Expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sdh3p and Sdh4p Paralogs Results in Catalytically Active Succinate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes

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