Differential Expression of Two Immediate Early Genes of Herpesvirus Saimiri as Detected by in Situ Hybridization

Hoyle, James; Honess, R. W.; Randall, Richard E.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-71-12-3005

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, the classi¢cation of HVS genes to the immediate-early (IE) phase of infection has been di¤cult and contradictory in the past, and was mostly based on experiments using cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis. The IE gene ie57 codes for a nuclear phosphoprotein of 52 kDa (Hoyle et al 1990;Nicholas et al 1988Nicholas et al , 1990Randall et al 1984). This protein shares structural and functional homology with ICP27/IE63 of herpes simplex virus.…”

Section: (D) Viral Regulatory Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presumably, the unusual transcription behaviour is related to the fact that the lytic replication origin is localized in the promoter region of this gene (Lang & Fleckenstein 1990;Scho¢eld 1994). Another IE transcript was mapped to the gene ie14 (Hoyle et al 1990;Nicholas et al 1990). The derived gene product has sequence homology to murine superantigens (Sag) Nicholas et al 1990;Thomson & Nicholas 1991).…”

Section: (D) Viral Regulatory Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herpesvirus saimiri

Fickenscher

Fleckenstein

2001

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

100

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Herpesvirus saimiri (saimiriine herpesvirus 2) is the classical prototype of the gamma(2)-herpesviruses or rhadinoviruses, which also contains a human member, the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. The T-lymphotropic Herpesvirus saimiri establishes specific replicative and persistent conditions in different primate host species. Virtually all squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) are persistently infected with this virus. In its natural host, the virus does not cause disease, whereas it induces fatal acute T-cell lymphoma in other monkey species after experimental infection. The virus can be isolated by cocultivation of permissive epithelial cells with peripheral blood cells from naturally infected squirrel monkeys and from susceptible New World monkeys during the virus-induced disease. Tumour-derived and in vitro-transformed T-cell lines from New World monkeys release virus particles. Herpesvirus ateles is a closely related virus of spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) and has similar pathogenic properties to Herpesvirus saimiri in other New World primate species. Similar to other rhadinoviruses, the genome of Herpesvirus saimiri harbours a series of virus genes with pronounced homology to cellular counterparts including a D-type cyclin, a G-protein-coupled receptor, an interleukin-17, a superantigen homologue, and several inhibitors of the complement cascade and of different apoptosis pathways. Preserved function has been demonstrated for most of the homologues of cellular proteins. These viral functions are mostly dispensable for the transforming and pathogenic capability of the virus. However, they are considered relevant for the apathogenic persistence of Herpesvirus saimiri in its natural host. A terminal region of the non-repetitive coding part of the virus genome is essential for pathogenicity and T-cell transformation. Based on the pathogenic phenotypes and the different alleles of this variable region, the virus strains have been assigned to three subgroups, termed A, B and C. In the highly oncogenic subgroup C strains, the two virus genes stpC and tip are transcribed from one bicistronic mRNA and are essential for transformation and leukaemia induction. stpC fulfils the typical criteria of an oncogene; its product interacts with Ras and tumour necrosis factor-associated factors and induces mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B activation. Tip interacts with the RNA transport factor Tap, with signal transduction and activation of transcription factors, and with the T-cellular tyrosine kinase Lck, which is activated by this interaction and phosphorylates Tip as a substrate. It is of particular interest that certain subgroup C virus strains such as C488 are capable of transforming human T lymphocytes to stable growth in culture. The transformed human T cells harbour multiple copies of the viral genome in the form of stable, non-integrated episomes. The cells express only a few virus genes and do not produce virus particles. The transformed cells maintain the antigen specificity and many ...

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Section: (D) Viral Regulatory Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (D) Viral Regulatory Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesvirus saimiri

Fickenscher

Fleckenstein

2001

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the assignment of HVS genes to the immediate-early (IE) phase of infection was contradictory, mostly based on using cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis. The IE gene ie57 codes for a nuclear phosphoprotein of 52 kDa (Hoyle et al, 1990;Nicholas et al, 1988Nicholas et al, , 1990Randall et al, 1984). IE57 shares structural and functional homology with ICP27/IE63 of HSV.…”

Section: Viral Regulatory Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presumably, the unusual transcription behavior resulted from the fact that the lytic replication origin is localized in the promoter region of this gene (Lang and Fleckenstein, 1990;Schofield, 1994). Another IE-transcript was mapped to the gene ie14 (Hoyle et al, 1990;Nicholas et al, 1990). The derived gene product has sequence homology to murine superantigens (Sag) (Nicholas et al, 1990;Thomson and Nicholas, 1991).…”

Section: Viral Regulatory Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%