Differential expression of the eight genes of the petunia ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit multi-gene family

Dean, Caroline; Elzen, Peter van den; Tamaki, Stanley; Dunsmuir, Pamela; Bedbrook, John

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04045.x

Cited by 263 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The sum of their expression accounts for >95% of LHCP-II RNAs detected in the 24-hr-greening leaves, even though these six cDNA clones represent half of the genes revealed by genomic Southern blotting. Other LHCP-II genes not obtained by cDNA cloning may be expressed at low levels or may be present as silent genes or pseudogenes, as demonstrated for the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit multigene family (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of six light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes in maize leaf cell types.

Sheen¹,

Bogorad²

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Bundle sheath chloroplasts of maize leaves contain about one-fourth as much light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II (LHCP-ll) as do mesophyll chloroplasts. We have determined that this difference is, in part, the result of differential expression of different LHCP-ll genes. We have prepared and partially characterized cDNA clones specific for six LHCP-ll genes of maize. Transcripts of these six LHCP-ll genes are present at vastly different levels and account for about 95% of total LHCP-ll mRNAs in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of illuminated dark-grown maize leaves. Three genes are preferentially expressed in mesophyll cells, and their mRNAs constitute about 54% of the total LHCP-ll transcripts in greening (24 hr) maize leaves. Two genes are expressed equally in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. Most interestingly, the RNA of one gene that contributes about 8% of the total LHCP-II transcripts in leaves greening for 24 hr is present at a much higher level in bundle sheath than in mesophyll cells. Moreover, immunoblot analysis of maize thylakoids reveals at least five sizes of LHCP-II; these also differ from one another in their relative abundance in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of developing maize leaves.The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (LHCPs) are the major components of the antennae complexes that capture and transfer light energy to the reaction centers of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). The LHCPs of PSII (LHCP-II) make up >50% of the chlorophyll-containing polypeptides ofthylakoid membranes isolated from chloroplasts (1). They have been shown to be encoded by multigene families in pea, petunia, barley, duckweed, wheat, and tomato (2-6). Furthermore, light has been demonstrated to regulate LHCP-II gene expression in plant leaves (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Moreover, in maize, the accumulation of LHCP-II mRNA is coordinated with carotenoid synthesis and plastid development (15,16).Maize is a C4 plant; its leaves contain two distinct photosynthetic cell types, bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells (BSC and MC). Agranal chloroplasts in BSC are poor in PSII in relation to their activity in PSI (17, 18) and contain less LHCP-II and other PSII polypeptides (19)(20)(21)(22) than are present in the granal chloroplasts of MC. In addition, transcripts of the LHCP-II gene have been reported to be rare or absent in BSC (21, 22). However, relatively little is known concerning the number of different LHCP-II polypeptides and genes in maize or whether differences in the abundance of LHCP-II in MC and BSC is the result of quantitatively different expression of the same gene or genes or whether different LHCP genes are expressed in the two cell types.We have identified six members of the LHCP-II gene family that are actively expressed in maize leaves. To investigate the cell-type-specific expression of each of these six LHCP-II genes in developing maize leaves, shortened cDNA clones that show no cross-hybridization to each other have been use...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of six light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes in maize leaf cell types.

Sheen¹,

Bogorad²

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…RNA was extracted from elicited, wounded, and stressed leaves (four discs of 1.5 cm) or cell culture material (2 g of cells), as described previously (Dean et al, 1985). Twenty micrograms of total RNA (per lane) was separated on a denaturing formaldehyde-agarose gel.…”

Section: Rna Gel Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Avr9- and Cf-9-Dependent Activation of MAP Kinases in Tobacco Cell Cultures and Leaves: Convergence of Resistance Gene, Elicitor, Wound, and Salicylate Responses

Romeis¹,

Piedras²,

Zhang³

et al. 1999

The Plant Cell

209

326

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The Cf-9 resistance ( R ) gene from tomato confers resistance to the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum expressing the corresponding, pathogen-derived avirulence gene product Avr9. To understand how an initial R/Avr recognition event is transmitted and triggers the induction of plant defenses, we investigated early Avr9/Cf-9-dependent activation of protein kinases in transgenic tobacco expressing the Cf-9 gene. We identified two protein kinases of 46 and 48 kD, using myelin basic protein as substrate, that became rapidly activated in a strictly gene-for-gene manner within 2 to 5 min after Avr9 elicitation in both Cf9 tobacco plants and derived cell cultures. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors and effectors revealed that Ca 2 ؉ influx and a phosphorylation event(s) are required for kinase activation, but neither enzyme is involved in the Avr9-dependent synthesis of active oxygen species. The activation of both kinases is achieved via post-translational mechanisms, and the activation but not inactivation step includes tyrosine phosphorylation. Using specific antibodies, we found that the 46-and 48-kD kinases were similiar to WIPK (for wound-induced protein kinase) and SIPK (for salicylic acid-induced protein kinase), two previously characterized mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases from tobacco. In addition, Cf9 tobacco plants and cell cultures showed an Avr9-dependent accumulation of the WIPK transcript. Cf9 tobacco suspension cultures are thus a unique system in which to analyze the earliest events in R gene function. These data indicate that (1) the R / Avr -mediated induction of plant defense is accomplished via several parallel signaling mechanisms, and (2) R/Avr-dependent signal transduction pathways are interlinked at MAP kinases with responses of plants not only to non-race-specific elicitors but also to abiotic stimuli, such as wounding and mechanical stress. INTRODUCTIONThe capacity of plants to stop the growth of pathogens and parasites depends on early warning of invasion, followed by the activation of defense mechanisms. Disease resistance ( R ) genes are part of the plant's surveillance system and, in so-called gene-for-gene interactions, confer resistance to pathogens that carry the corresponding avirulence ( Avr ) genes (Flor, 1971). The R gene product is generally considered as a receptor for the matching Avr protein (Staskawicz et al., 1995). Despite the isolation of an increasing number of plant R genes (see below), little is known about the signal transduction chains that follow the R/Avr recognition event. A different picture emerges from the analysis of plant responses after nonspecific elicitation with bacterial or fungal oligosaccharides, proteins, or peptides that are not part of a matching Avr / R gene pair. To date, only one receptor, a 70-kD transmembrane ␤ -glucan elicitor binding protein from soybean, has been characterized, and the corresponding gene has been cloned (Umemoto et al., 1997). In parsley, a 91-kD transmembrane protein, which binds the fungal protein elicitor fro...

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“…The M13-rDNA clone consists of a 700 bp fragment derived from the 5' end of the 25S rRNA gene of petunia. The M13-ssu construct contains a BamHI ssu-fragment from pSSU71, which contains the cDNA of SSU301 (Dean et al, 1985). The different chsA gene fragments were also inserted into M13mp10.…”

Section: T-dna Transgene Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgene‐mediated suppression of chalcone synthase expression in Petunia hybrida results from an increase in RNA turnover

et al. 1994

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SummaryCo.suppreseion of the pigmentation gene chelcone synthese (chs) in Petunia hybrida by chs transgenes leads to white or variegated flowers and is characterized by a reduction in steady-state mRNA levels. To determine the level at which suppression occurs different petunia transformants were analysed containing CaMV-35S RNA promoter-driven hybrid genes consisting of the ~glucuronidase gene (uidA) linked to the full-length chsA cDNA, the 5' half or to the 3' half. With these transgenes one out of 12-15 primary transformants showed suppression of the transgenes and of the resident chs genes throughout the flower or in sectors. The reduction in steady-state chs mRNA was not the result of a transcriptional inactivation event. As determined by nuclear run-on experiments, transcription of suppressed chs genes was similar to that of nonsuppressed genes. This indicates that co.suppression occurs post-transcriptionally. Among individual transformants the transgenes were transcribed at different levels but neither a high nor a low level correlated with a particular degree or pattern of suppression. Surprisingly, even a promoterless chs transgene construct was found to suppress the endogenous chs genes in three out of 15 transformanta. It remains, however, unknown whether or not transcription of the transgene locus is required to induce co-suppression. The data suggest that properties of the chs transgene locus other than the expression level are important for inducing cosuppression. The possible role of antisense RNA, which was detected in all transformants, ectopic pairing and the structure of the integrated T-DNAs in the mechanism of the selective increase in chs RNA turnover are discussed.

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Differential expression of the eight genes of the petunia ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit multi-gene family

Cited by 263 publications

References 24 publications

Differential expression of six light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes in maize leaf cell types.

Differential expression of six light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes in maize leaf cell types.

Rapid Avr9- and Cf-9-Dependent Activation of MAP Kinases in Tobacco Cell Cultures and Leaves: Convergence of Resistance Gene, Elicitor, Wound, and Salicylate Responses

Transgene‐mediated suppression of chalcone synthase expression in Petunia hybrida results from an increase in RNA turnover

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