Differential expression of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein calsensin in the central nervous system of hirudinid leeches

Veldman, Mark; Huang, Yue-Qiao; Jellies, John; Johansen, Kristen M.

doi:10.1007/s004410050705

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The spatial expression of an EF-hand calcium-binding protein Calsensin ortholog in A. lata ( Ala-calsensin ) has been characterized, appearing to be expressed in the segmental ganglia and peripheral neurons in the body wall during organogenesis (10 and 11). Considering that Calsensin expression has been detected in central and peripheral nerves of other hirudinid species [ 36 , 37 ], our results give further support for a potential physiological role of Calsensin in the formation and maintenance of nerve pathways in leech species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Developmental biology and potential use of Alboglossiphonia lata (Annelida: Hirudinea) as an “Evo-Devo” model organism

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe need for the adaptation of species of annelids as “Evo-Devo” model organisms of the superphylum Lophotrochozoa to refine the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between bilaterian organisms, has promoted an increase in the studies dealing with embryonic development among related species such as leeches from the Glossiphoniidae family. The present study aims to describe the embryogenesis of Alboglossiphonia lata (Oka, 1910), a freshwater glossiphoniid leech, chiefly distributed in East Asia, and validate standard molecular biology techniques to support the use of this species as an additional model for “Evo-Devo” studies.Results A. lata undergoes direct development, and follows the highly conserved clitellate annelid mode of spiral cleavage development; the duration from the egg laying to the juvenile stage is ~7.5 days, and it is iteroparous, indicating that it feeds and deposits eggs again after the first round of brooding, as described in several other glossiphoniid leech species studied to date. The embryos hatch only after complete organ development and proboscis retraction, which has not yet been observed in other glossiphoniid genera. The phylogenetic position of A. lata within the Glossiphoniidae family has been confirmed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequencing. Lineage tracer injections confirmed the fates of the presumptive meso- and ectodermal precursors, and immunostaining showed the formation of the ventral nerve system during later stages of development. Further, the spatiotemporal expression of an EF-hand calcium-binding protein Calsensin ortholog was characterized, which showed a specific pattern in both the ventral and peripheral nervous systems during the later stages.ConclusionsOur description of the embryonic development of A. lata under laboratory conditions provides new data for further comparative studies with other leech and lophotrochozoa model organisms. Moreover, it offers a basis for the establishment of this species as a model for future “Evo-Devo” studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-017-0240-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Developmental biology and potential use of Alboglossiphonia lata (Annelida: Hirudinea) as an “Evo-Devo” model organism

et al. 2017

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“…This suggests that Calsensin may function as trigger protein which interacts with and/or regulates the larger protein. By immunocytochemistry, the distribution and differential expression of Calsensin during development in the PNS and CNS of the three-hirudinid leech species Haemop/s, /-//mc/o and Macrobde/Za was studied (Veldman et al, 1996). The restricted expression of Calsensin in a subpopulation of peripheral neurons appears to be a common feature shared by all the three leech species, but the temporal and spatial patterns of Calsensin expression by the CNS neurons varied among the different species, suggesting that Calsensin may function as a non-essential buffer protein in maintaining calcium homeostasis along with other calcium-binding proteins (Veldman et al, 1996).…”

Section: Previous Work On Calsensinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and molecular analysis of leech neuronal proteins, Calsensin and Filamin

Venkitaramani

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This thesis describes the structural and molecular analysis of two leech neuronal proteins, Calsensin and Filamin. Calsensin is an EF-hand calcium-binding protein expressed by a subset of peripheral sensory neurons which fasciculate into a single tract in the leech central nervous system. Calsensin is a 9 kD protein with two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. Calsensin can multimerize via disulfide bridge formation involving the two cysteine residues m y/fro. Furthermore, Calsensin shows differential gel migration depending on the presence or absence of calcium suggesting a conformational change upon calcium-binding. Using multidimensional NMR spectroscopy we have determined the solution structure and backbone dynamics of calcium-bound Calsensin. Calsensin consists of four helices forming a unicomate-type four-helix bundle and we show by analysis of EDTA and Ca^ titrations that Ca^ binding leads to conformation change in the protein. The backbone dynamics of the protein was determined by measuring the ^N relaxation rates and heteronuclear NOE. The internal dynamics of the protein correlate well with the three-dimensional structure and provide insight into plausible mechanisms of calcium and target protein binding. To search for putative molecular interaction partners of Calsensin, we conducted a GST-Calsensin overlay screen of a leech expression library. A probable candidate is the leech homolog of Caldesmon, which interacts with Calsensin in a calcium-dependent manner. We have mapped the binding surface of this interaction using HSQC experiments. vii The Laz10-1 and Lan3-14 monoclonal antibodies recognize a kD antigen expressed in all muscle cells. We have cloned and identified this antigen as a member of the filamin family of actin-bundling proteins. Leech Filamin consists of two calponin homology (CH) domains and 35 filamin/ABP-repeats. The CH domains bind actin while the ABP-repeats have been implicated in dimerization as well as protein-protein interactions. Using the Laz10-1 antibody, we have shown that the dorso-ventral flattener muscles develop as three discrete bundles. The middle bundle transiently expresses neuronal CAM Tractin concomitant with the formation of the DP nerve. This suggests that the middle dorso-ventral muscle aniagen may provide the substrate for the axonal outgrowth and nerve formation.

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Segmental and Regional Differences in Neuronal Expression of the Leech Hox Genes Lox1 and Lox2 During Embryogenesis

2012

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Using double immunofluorescence experiments, we described the expression of the leech Hox genes, Lox1 and Lox2 by central neurons that stained for either serotonin or the leech-specific neuronal marker, Laz1-1. The goal is to determine whether the segmental boundaries of Lox1 and Lox2 expression in identified neurons coincide with segmental and regional differences in the differentiation of these cells. A number of neurons described here have been previously identified. The anteromedial serotonergic neurons are restricted to rostral ganglion 1 (R1) to midbody ganglion 3 (M3), but only express Lox1 in M2 and M3. The posteromedial serotonergic neurons which are situated in all segments as bilateral pairs early in development, but later become unpaired starting at M3, expressed Lox1 only in M2 and M3, and Lox2 in M8 to M21, in all paired and unpaired stages. The Retzius neurons, which stain for serotonin, express Lox2 in M7 to M21 where they exhibit different morphologies from their segmental homologs of the sex ganglia in M5 and M6. The Laz1-1 immunoreactive (Laz1-1+) heart accessory-like neurons express Lox1 in M4 and Lox2 in M7 to M17, but not in their segmental homologs of the heart accessory (HA) neurons located exclusively in M5 and M6. Also, Laz1-1+ neurons, which we named Lz3 expressed Lox1 in M4 to M8 where they are unpaired, but express Lox2 in M9 to M16 where they are bilaterally paired. Other Laz1-1 cells show more restricted and isolated Lox1 and Lox2 expression patterns. These results suggest a role of Lox1 and/or Lox2 in defining the anteroposterior boundaries of segmentally iterated neurons.

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Differential expression of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein calsensin in the central nervous system of hirudinid leeches

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Developmental biology and potential use of Alboglossiphonia lata (Annelida: Hirudinea) as an “Evo-Devo” model organism

Developmental biology and potential use of Alboglossiphonia lata (Annelida: Hirudinea) as an “Evo-Devo” model organism

Structural and molecular analysis of leech neuronal proteins, Calsensin and Filamin

Segmental and Regional Differences in Neuronal Expression of the Leech Hox Genes Lox1 and Lox2 During Embryogenesis

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