Differential expression of specific cellular defense proteins in rat hypothalamus under simulated microgravity induced conditions: Comparative proteomics

Abstract

Microgravity severely halts the structural and functional cerebral capacity of astronauts especially affecting their brains due to the stress produced by cephalic fluid shift. We employed a rat tail suspension model to substantiate simulated microgravity (SM) in brain. In this study, comparative mass spectrometry was applied in order to demonstrate the differential expression of 17 specific cellular defense proteins. Gamma-enolase, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, glial fibrillary acidic protein, heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha, 10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, superoxide dismutase 1 and dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 were found to be upregulated by HPLC/ESI-TOF. Furthermore, five differentially expressed proteins including 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial, heat shock protein HSP 90-beta, peroxiredoxin-2, stress-induced-phosphoprotein, and UCHL-1 were found to be upregulated by HPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS. In addition, downregulated proteins include cytochrome C, superoxide dismutase 2, somatic, and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 and protein DJ-1. Validity of MS results was successfully performed by Western blot analysis of DJ-1 protein. This study will not only help to understand the neurochemical responses produced under microgravity but also will give future direction to cure the proteomic losses and their after effects in astronauts.

Simulated Microgravity and 3D Culture Enhance Induction, Viability, Proliferation and Differentiation of Cardiac Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

“…The HSP70/90 heat shock proteins are known to be involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation 44 , and increased expression of BIRC5 should result in less apoptosis that might be induced by microgravity stress. In other studies, up-regulation of heat shock proteins was also observed in rat hypothalamus tissues 45 , the Jurkat cells 46 and myelomonocytic U937 cells 47 as a result of exposure to microgravity, and BIRC5 was up-regulated in thymus after mice returned from a spaceflight 48 . In addition, a study on neonatal and adult cardiovascular progenitors reported that simulated microgravity could affect cell differently depending on age 42 .…”

Effects of simulated microgravity on the expression of presynaptic proteins distorting the GABA/glutamate equilibrium – A proteomics approach

“…For each experiment, ten rats were taken and divided into two groups. For SM, rats were kept suspending their bodies with their tails for 21 days as reported previously . The control rats were kept in normal cages with free access to food and water.…”

Deep Membrane Proteome Profiling of Rat Hippocampus in Simulated Complex Space Environment by SWATH

“…Earth-based simulation studies have been designed to investigate the physiological responses to microgravity. Tail suspension model has been widely used for the simulation of microgravity [7,15,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and approved by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Ames Research Center (ARC), and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee on August 8, 2001 [29]. A variety of studies have investigated cognitive function under simulated microgravity (SM).…”