Differential Expression of S100C in Thyroid Lesions

Abstract

Identification of new potential markers that may help in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions is needed. By comparative 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of microdissected cells from tumors and normal thyroid tissue, we identified a new protein, S100C, which is highly expressed in papillary carcinomas. In order to validate this finding, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression and the potential role in diagnosis of these markers in 94 specimens representing the spectrum of malignant and benign thyroid lesions. Normal thyroid tissue was evaluated in 57 specimens. Galectin-3, a marker reported as specific for malignant lesions, was also evaluated in the same lesions. S100C protein was expressed in the nuclei of normal tissue, hyperplastic nodules, and follicular adenomas and carcinomas. Papillary carcinomas showed a strong, but cytoplasmic, pattern of staining. Galectin-3 immunostaining was strongly positive in papillary carcinomas, and negative in benign lesions, confirming its value in differential diagnosis. These findings suggest that immunohistochemical staining of S100C could be helpful in the pathological study of thyroid lesions, especially in cases in which follicular variants of papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma are considered in the differential diagnosis.

S100A11, an Dual Mediator for Growth Regulation of Human Keratinocytes

“…Conversely, S100A11 has been shown to be overexpressed in many different types of human cancer, including those derived from the esophagus (Ji et al, 2004), stomach (Oue et al, 2004), colorectum (Tanaka et al, 1995;Stulik et al, 1999), pancreas (Ohuchida et al, 2006), thyroid (Torres-Cabala et al, 2004), uterus (Kanamori et al, 2004), and soft tissues (Schaefer et al, 2004). Although the widely observed upregulation of S100A11 indicates that S100A11 may be involved in growth enhancement, malignant progression of cancer cells, or both, no mechanistic interpretation has been provided.…”

Proteomic Identification of New Biomarkers and Application in Thyroid Cytology

“…Gels were revealed using silver and colloidal Coomassie blue stains (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California, U.S.A.), as previously reported. 11 The detected protein spots were excised from the gels, washed twice with a methanol ammonium bicarbonate buffer and digested with trypsin overnight. The resulting peptides were extracted, separated by liquid chromatography using a Michrom LC (Michrom Bioresouces Inc., Auburn, California, U.S.A.) and analyzed by mass spectrometry on a Finnigan LCQ LC/MS (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) system.…”

“…9,10 We identified several differentially expressed proteins in manually microdissected thyroid tumor tissues using 2D gel electrophoresis analysis. 11 Galectins (galectin-1 and galectin-3) are members of a beta galactoside-binding lectin family that controls cell fate and immune responses. 12 They have been associated with malignant transformation of thyroid epithelium.…”

Proteomic-based analysis for identification of potential serum biomarkers in gallbladder cancer

“…Moreover, SPs regulate many cellular processes such as cell growth, cell cycle progression, differentiation, transcription and secretion (15). Overexpression of several SPs has been reported in different stages and types of human tumors, such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (16), uterine smooth muscle tumors (17), breast cancer (18), thyroid adenomas and carcinomas (19), invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary and invasive breast carcinoma (20). The overexpression of SPs in tumors suggests their potential role in tumorigenesis (21).…”