GPCRs represent the largest family of integral membrane proteins and were first identified as receptor proteins that couple via heterotrimeric G-proteins to regulate a vast variety of effector proteins to modulate cellular function. It is now recognized that GPCRs interact with a myriad of proteins that not only function to attenuate their signalling but also function to couple these receptors to heterotrimeric G-protein-independent signalling pathways. In addition, intracellular and transmembrane proteins associate with GPCRs and regulate their processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, trafficking to the cell surface, compartmentalization to plasma membrane microdomains, endocytosis and trafficking between intracellular membrane compartments. The present review will overview the functional consequence of b-arrestin, receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPS), regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS), GPCR-associated sorting proteins (GASPs), Homer, small GTPases, PSD95/Disc Large/Zona Occludens (PDZ), spinophilin, protein phosphatases, calmodulin, optineurin and Src homology 3 (SH3) containing protein interactions with GPCRs.
LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on the Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-6. To view the 2010 themed section on the same topic visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.2010.159.issue-5/issuetoc Abbreviations 5-HT2AR, serotonin receptor subtype 2; 5HT2CR, serotonin 2C receptor; a1DAR, a1D adrenergic receptor; Arf6, ADP-ribosylation factor 6; ARNO, ARF nucleotide-binding site opener; AT1R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; b2AR, b2-adrenergic receptor; CAL, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand; CASK, calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase; CaSR, calcium sensing receptor; cGRP1/cGRP2, calcitonin gene-related peptides; CIPP, channel-interacting PDZ protein; CRF, corticotrophin-releasing factor; CRFR1, corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1; CRLR, calcitonin-like receptor; CXCR2, IL-8 receptor B; CXCR4, chemokine receptor type 4; EBP50, ERM-binding phosphoprotein 50; EEA1, effector early endosome antigen 1; EVH, ENA/VASP homology domain; GABAB, GABA type B receptor; GAPs, GTPase activating proteins; GASP, GPCR-associated sorting protein; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; GEFs, guanine nucleotide exchange factors; GIPC, GIPC PDZ domain containing family member 1; GRB2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; GRKs, GPCR kinases; MAGI, membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted; MAGUK, membrane-associated guanylate kinase; mGluRs, metabotropic glutamate receptors; MINT1, Munc-18-interacting protein 1; MPP3, p55 subfamily member 3; MT1, melatonin type 1 receptor; MUPP1, multi-PDZ-domain protein; Nck, non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein; NHERF, Na + /H + exchanger regulatory factor 1; NSF, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor; P2Y1, P2Y1 purinergic receptors; PAK, p21-activated kinase...