Differential expression of genes involved in C1 metabolism and lignin biosynthesis in wooden core and bast tissues of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Broeck, H.C. van den; Maliepaard, Chris; Ebskamp, M.J.M.; Toonen, M.A.J.; Koops, Andries J.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.11.008

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our results here showing that transcripts for all (27 of 27) flax lignin biosynthesis unigenes are less abundant in stem outer tissues as compared with inner tissues confirm this earlier investigation and suggest that fiber hypolignification is regulated, at least partially, via the down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes. These results are in agreement with similar studies in hemp (Cannabis sativa), which also possesses less heavily lignified outer stem fibers (De Pauw et al, 2007;van den Broeck et al, 2008). In addition, our results suggest that hypolignification is also controlled at the monolignol polymerization step.…”

Section: Hypolignification In Flax Stems Involves Differential Expressupporting

confidence: 93%

Natural Hypolignification Is Associated with Extensive Oligolignol Accumulation in Flax Stems

et al. 2012

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Flax (Linum usitatissimum) stems contain cells showing contrasting cell wall structure: lignified in inner stem xylem tissue and hypolignified in outer stem bast fibers. We hypothesized that stem hypolignification should be associated with extensive phenolic accumulation and used metabolomics and transcriptomics to characterize these two tissues.1 H nuclear magnetic resonance clearly distinguished inner and outer stem tissues and identified different primary and secondary metabolites, including coniferin and p-coumaryl alcohol glucoside. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry aromatic profiling (lignomics) identified 81 phenolic compounds, of which 65 were identified, to our knowledge, for the first time in flax and 11 for the first time in higher plants. Both aglycone forms and glycosides of monolignols, lignin oligomers, and (neo)lignans were identified in both inner and outer stem tissues, with a preponderance of glycosides in the hypolignified outer stem, indicating the existence of a complex monolignol metabolism. The presence of coniferin-containing secondary metabolites suggested that coniferyl alcohol, in addition to being used in lignin and (neo)lignan formation, was also utilized in a third, partially uncharacterized metabolic pathway. Hypolignification of bast fibers in outer stem tissues was correlated with the low transcript abundance of monolignol biosynthetic genes, laccase genes, and certain peroxidase genes, suggesting that flax hypolignification is transcriptionally regulated. Transcripts of the key lignan genes Pinoresinol-Lariciresinol Reductase and Phenylcoumaran Benzylic Ether Reductase were also highly abundant in flax inner stem tissues. Expression profiling allowed the identification of NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) and MYB transcription factors that are likely involved in regulating both monolignol production and polymerization as well as (neo)lignan production.

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Section: Hypolignification In Flax Stems Involves Differential Expressupporting

confidence: 93%

Natural Hypolignification Is Associated with Extensive Oligolignol Accumulation in Flax Stems

et al. 2012

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“…In our dataset, the cellulose synthases which were more expressed during secondary growth were the Arabidopsis orthologs of CesA4, CesA7 , and CesA8 , as already previously observed in adult hemp (De Pauw et al, 2007; van den Broeck et al, 2008). CesA s require sucrose synthase (SUS) activity for the provision of the UDP-glucose (Doblin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The other CAD isoform, CAD4 , reached its highest expression in H20. None of these two CAD isoforms have been described in the studies of De Pauw et al (2007) and van den Broeck et al (2008). This may be explained by the higher sensitivity of the RNA-Seq for low abundance transcripts (highest RPKM of CAD9 = 29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Arabidopsis seedlings deficient in SAMS3 activity display significantly lower content of lignin in the aerial part (Shen et al, 2002), thus highlighting the possible regulation of lignification by the pool of available methyl donors. In adult hemp stem, the core tissue mainly composed of xylem cells also shows a higher rate of C1 recycling (van den Broeck et al, 2008). The genes putatively involved in phenylpropanoid and monolignol biosynthesis were all more expressed in H15 or H20, with the exception of CAD9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studying Secondary Growth and Bast Fiber Development: The Hemp Hypocotyl Peeks behind the Wall

et al. 2016

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Cannabis sativa L. is an annual herbaceous crop grown for the production of long extraxylary fibers, the bast fibers, rich in cellulose and used both in the textile and biocomposite sectors. Despite being herbaceous, hemp undergoes secondary growth and this is well exemplified by the hypocotyl. The hypocotyl was already shown to be a suitable model to study secondary growth in other herbaceous species, namely Arabidopsis thaliana and it shows an important practical advantage, i.e., elongation and radial thickening are temporally separated. This study focuses on the mechanisms marking the transition from primary to secondary growth in the hemp hypocotyl by analysing the suite of events accompanying vascular tissue and bast fiber development. Transcriptomics, imaging and quantification of phytohormones were carried out on four representative developmental stages (i.e., 6–9–15–20 days after sowing) to provide a comprehensive overview of the events associated with primary and secondary growth in hemp. This multidisciplinary approach provides cell wall-related snapshots of the growing hemp hypocotyl and identifies marker genes associated with the young (expansins, β-galactosidases, and transcription factors involved in light-related processes) and the older hypocotyl (secondary cell wall biosynthetic genes and transcription factors).

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“…This protein belongs to the superfamily of plant type III polyketide synthase (PKSs) [36,37]. In most angiosperm, including Cannabis sativa , CHS constitutes a multigene family and its expression is induced in response to a wide range of stimuli such as UV light, pathogens, elicitors and wounding [38–40]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Steps in Cannabis sativa: Link between Genes and Metabolites

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et al. 2013

IJMS

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-Coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) catalyze the first three steps of the general phenylpropanoid pathway whereas chalcone synthase (CHS) catalyzes the first specific step towards flavonoids production. This class of specialized metabolites has a wide range of biological functions in plant development and defence and a broad spectrum of therapeutic activities for human health. In this study, we report the isolation of hemp PAL and 4CL cDNA and genomic clones. Through in silico analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences, more than an 80% identity with homologues genes of other plants was shown and phylogenetic relationships were highlighted. Quantitative expression analysis of the four above mentioned genes, PAL and 4CL enzymatic activities, lignin content and NMR metabolite fingerprinting in different Cannabis sativa tissues were evaluated. Furthermore, the use of different substrates to assay PAL and 4CL enzymatic activities indicated that different isoforms were active in different tissues. The diversity in secondary metabolites content observed in leaves (mainly flavonoids) and roots (mainly lignin) was discussed in relation to gene expression and enzymatic activities data.

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Differential expression of genes involved in C1 metabolism and lignin biosynthesis in wooden core and bast tissues of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Cited by 45 publications

References 51 publications

Natural Hypolignification Is Associated with Extensive Oligolignol Accumulation in Flax Stems

Natural Hypolignification Is Associated with Extensive Oligolignol Accumulation in Flax Stems

Studying Secondary Growth and Bast Fiber Development: The Hemp Hypocotyl Peeks behind the Wall

Early Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Steps in Cannabis sativa: Link between Genes and Metabolites

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