Differential expression of enzyme activities initiating anoxic metabolism of various aromatic compounds via benzoyl-CoA

Dangel, Werner; Brackmann, Ruth; Lack, Achim; Mohamed, Magdy; Koch, J.; Oswald, B; Seyfried, Birgit K.; Tschech, Andreas; Fuchs, Georg

doi:10.1007/bf00252209

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Previous studies on the regulation of anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in T. aromatica K-172 revealed that the synthesis of enzymes necessary for degrading compounds via the benzoyl-CoA pathway is induced by the respective substrates (Dangel et al 1991;Heider et al 1998). Synthesis of the enzymes initiating 3,5-DHB-degradation appears to be strictly regulated by an induction mechanism as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Two distinct pathways for anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica strain AR-1

Philipp

Schink

1999

Arch Microbiol

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Denitrifying bacteria degrade many different aromatic compounds anaerobically via the well-described benzoyl-CoA pathway. We have shown recently that the denitrifiers Azoarcus anaerobius and Thauera aromatica strain AR-1 use a different pathway for anaerobic degradation of resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, respectively. Both substrates are converted to hydroxyhydroquinone (1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene).In the membrane fraction of T. aromatica strain AR-1 cells grown with 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, a hydroxyhydroquinone-dehydrogenating activity of 74 nmol min -1 (mg protein) -1 was found. This activity was significantly lower in benzoate-grown cells. Benzoate-grown cells were not induced for degradation of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, and cells grown with 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate degraded benzoate only at a very low rate. With a substrate mixture of benzoate plus 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate, the cells showed diauxic growth. Benzoate was degraded first, while complete degradation of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate occurred only after a long lag phase. The 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate-oxidizing and the hydroxyhydroquinone-dehydrogenating activities were fully induced only during 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate degradation. Synthesis of benzoyl-CoA reductase appeared to be significantly lower in 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate-grown cells as shown by immunoblotting. These results confirm that T. aromatica strain AR-1 harbors, in addition to the benzoyl-CoA pathway, a second, mechanistically distinct pathway for anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds. This pathway is inducible and subject to catabolite repression by benzoate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Two distinct pathways for anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica strain AR-1

Philipp

Schink

1999

Arch Microbiol

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“…The benzoyl-CoA pathway enzymes in T. aromatica are known to be both expressed and catalytically active with meta-hydroxy-aromatic substrates (6,27,29,30). However, it is not known whether T. aromatica requires the activity of benzoyl-CoA pathway enzymes for meta-hydroxyaromatic acid degradation or if other pathways contribute to metabolism in this organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In R. palustris and T. aromatica, catabolism of pHB (Fig. 1A) proceeds via benzoyl-CoA, an intermediate that is also used for metabolism of benzoate (6)(7)(8). In both organisms, specific CoA-dependent ligases catalyze the ATP-dependent synthesis of pHB-CoA (HbaA, EC 6.2.1.27) (9-11) and benzoylCoA (BadA, EC 6.2.1.25) (12)(13)(14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Benzoyl Coenzyme A Pathway-Mediated Metabolism of meta -Hydroxy-Aromatic Acids in Rhodopseudomonas palustris

et al. 2013

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e Photoheterotrophic metabolism of two meta-hydroxy-aromatic acids, meta-, para-dihydroxybenzoate (protocatechuate) and meta-hydroxybenzoate, was investigated in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. When protocatechuate was the sole organic carbon source, photoheterotrophic growth in R. palustris was slow relative to cells using compounds known to be metabolized by the benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) pathway. R. palustris was unable to grow when meta-hydroxybenzoate was provided as a sole source of organic carbon under photoheterotrophic growth conditions. However, in cultures supplemented with known benzoyl-CoA pathway inducers (para-hydroxybenzoate, benzoate, or cyclohexanoate), protocatechuate and meta-hydroxybenzoate were taken up from the culture medium. Further, protocatechuate and meta-hydroxybenzoate were each removed from cultures containing both meta-hydroxy-aromatic acids at equimolar concentrations in the absence of other organic compounds. Analysis of changes in culture optical density and in the concentration of soluble organic compounds indicated that the loss of these meta-hydroxy-aromatic acids was accompanied by biomass production. Additional experiments with defined mutants demonstrated that enzymes known to participate in the dehydroxylation of para-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA (HbaBCD) and reductive dearomatization of benzoyl-CoA (BadDEFG) were required for metabolism of protocatechuate and meta-hydroxybenzoate. These findings indicate that, under photoheterotrophic growth conditions, R. palustris can degrade meta-hydroxy-aromatic acids via the benzoyl-CoA pathway, apparently due to the promiscuity of the enzymes involved.A combination of human and plant activities give rise to a variety of aromatic compounds in the environment. Among these compounds are aromatic carboxylic acids that contain hydroxyl groups disposed meta, ortho, or para (m, o, or p) to the carboxyl. Aromatic acids such as benzoate, para-hydroxybenzoate (pHB), meta-hydroxybenzoate (mHB) and meta-,para-dihydroxybenzoate (protocatechuate) can serve as carbon sources for some bacteria. In aerobic pathways, molecular oxygen (O 2 ) is used as an electrophilic cosubstrate for ␣-electron destabilization and aromatic ring fission (1). In contrast, strict and facultative anaerobes use O 2 -independent mechanisms for aromatic ring cleavage (2). In these O 2 -independent pathways, benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) thioesters are formed and reductively transformed into essential precursors of central metabolism (3, 4). This work sought to gain additional insight into anaerobic metabolism of hydroxylated aromatic compounds by the facultative photoheterotroph Rhodopseudomonas palustris.Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds has been most extensively studied in R. palustris and the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica (5). In R. palustris and T. aromatica, catabolism of pHB (Fig. 1A) proceeds via benzoyl-CoA, an intermediate that is also used for metabolism of benzoate (6-8). In both organisms, specific CoA-dependent ligases catalyze the ATP-dependen...

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“…Since a similar enzyme is found in Pscudomonas sp. anaerobically grown on phenylacetate [27] (and M. Mohamed and G. Fuchs, unpublished data), a role of phenylacetatc-CoA ligasc in anaerobic metabolism is also possible but has not been tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel aerobic 2‐aminobenzoate metabolism

Altenschmidt

Fuchs

1992

European Journal of Biochemistry

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A new pathway for the aerobic metabolism of 2-aminobenzoate which proceeds via 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA has recently been revealed in a Pseudomonas strain KB 740-. The enzyme catalyzing the first step, the formation of the coenzyme A (CoA) thioester of 2-aminobenzoate, is 2-aminobenzoate-CoA ligase. It was purified from cells aerobically grown with 2-aminobenzoate as sole carbon, energy, and nitrogen source and characterized. It is rather specific for 2-aminobenzoate, but activates also benzoate and fluorobenzoates. ATP was cleaved into AMP and pyrophosphate.

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Differential expression of enzyme activities initiating anoxic metabolism of various aromatic compounds via benzoyl-CoA

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Two distinct pathways for anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica strain AR-1

Two distinct pathways for anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica strain AR-1

Benzoyl Coenzyme A Pathway-Mediated Metabolism of meta -Hydroxy-Aromatic Acids in Rhodopseudomonas palustris

Novel aerobic 2‐aminobenzoate metabolism

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