Differential expression of ?-amylase genes in germinating rice and barley seeds

Karrer, Erik E.; Litts, James C.; Rodriguez, Raymond L.

doi:10.1007/bf00015072

Cited by 82 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Relative levels of total a-amylase mRNA in different tissues of rice are normalized to the level of expression observed in germinated seedlings; based on northern hybridization data (Karrer et al, 1991).…”

Section: The Ca Slgnal Stimulates Cereal Seedling Source Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative levels of mRNA for each gene relative to the other genes expressed in that tissue as estimated from northern blot hybridization or RNA-PCR experiments (Huang et al, 1990a;Karrer et al, 1991). Comparison of gene expression from one tissue to another must factor in the total amylase mRNA levels at the top of each column.…”

Section: The Ca Slgnal Stimulates Cereal Seedling Source Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively low level of Amy3D gene expression comprises the majority of the aamylase gene expression in the rice scutellum during the seedling germination stage ( Fig. 1) (Karrer et al, 1991; * Corresponding author; fax 1-916-752-1185. Ranjhan et al, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolite Signals Regulate Gene Expression and Source/Sink Relations in Cereal Seedlings

Thomas¹,

Rodriguez²

1994

Plant Physiol.

122

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Section: The Ca Slgnal Stimulates Cereal Seedling Source Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ca Slgnal Stimulates Cereal Seedling Source Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metabolite Signals Regulate Gene Expression and Source/Sink Relations in Cereal Seedlings

Thomas¹,

Rodriguez²

1994

Plant Physiol.

122

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“…Little study has been devoted to expression in intact seedlings, especially in commercial cultivars (Chandler and Jacobsen, 1991;Karrer et al, 1991). The Morex (Rasmusson and Wilcoxson, 1979) and Steptoe (Muir and Nilan, 1973) cultivars differ greatly in aamylase activity during germination.…”

Section: Molecular Studies Of A-amylase Gene Expression In Barleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aleurones from a Barley with Low [alpha]-Amylase Activity Become Highly Responsive to Gibberellin When Detached from the Starchy Endosperm

Skadsen

1993

Plant Physiol.

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The physiological and molecular bases for contrasting a-amylase phenotypes were examined in germinating seeds of two barley (Hordeum vurgare 1.) cultivars, Morex and Steptoe. Morex is a high-quality malting barley that develops high a-amylase activity soon after germination. Steptoe is a feed barley that develops only low a-amylase activity levels during this period. l h e expression of all high-and low-isoelectric point (pl) a-amylase isozymes is reduced in Steptoe. The amount of a-amylase mRNA per gram of seedling tissue is correspondingly lower in Steptoe. Southern blot analysis revealed that the cultivars have the same copy number and organization for most high-and low-pl genes. Steptoe seedlings or embryoless half-seeds produce little a-amylase in response to exogenous applications of gibberellic acid (CA,) compared with Morex. However, when isolated aleurones of both cultivars are treated with GA3, they produce similar amounts of high-and lowpl a-amylase RNAs. This suggests that a factor in the starchy endosperm is responsible for lowered a-amylase response in Steptoe. l h e factor is probably not abscisic acid (ABA), since the two cultivars have similar concentrations of ABA during germination.

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“…Total RNA was prepared using the phenol/SDS method described by Karrer et al (Karrer et al 1991). Poly(A) ϩ RNA was separated by using oligotex-dT30 ͗Super͘ according to the manufacturer's instructions (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).…”

Section: Rna Isolation and Cdna Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific expression of the gibberellin 3.BETA.-hydroxylase gene, HvGA3ox2, in the epithelium is important for Amy1 expression in germinating barley seeds

Suzuki

Ishiyama

Kobayashi

et al. 2005

Plant Biotechnology

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We have cloned gibberellin (GA) 3b-hydroxylase cDNA, (HvGA3ox), a homolog of the rice gene OsGA3ox from germinating barley seeds. HvGA3ox cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein capable of oxidizing GA 9 to GA 4 and GA 20 to GA 1 . Deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed that HvGA3ox was identical to HvGA3ox2, which shares a high homology with the OsGA3ox2 isoform that plays an important role for induction of a-amylase in germinating rice seeds. Northern blot analysis showed that HvGA3ox2 gene was expressed only in germinating seeds, not in other organs. Typical feedback regulation was not observed in seedling treated with either biologically active GA (GA 3 ) or uniconazole, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis. HvGA3ox2 mRNA was detected from 12 h after imbibition just before expression of a-amylase gene, Amy1. In situ hybridization of germinating seeds revealed that HvGA3ox2 mRNA was localized in the epithelium up to at least 3 days after imbibition. Our results suggest that GA biosynthesis in epithelium is important for expression of a-amylase in germinating barley seeds, and that HvGA3ox2 encodes the key enzyme of this event.Key words: a-amylase, epithelium, gibberellin, Hordeum vulgare. Original Paper Copyright © 2005 The Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular BiologyAbbreviations: DIG, dioxigenin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA end. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL nucleotide sequence database under the accession number AB189152. a TEPresent address: Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan 1998; Yamaguchi et al. 1998;Yamaguchi et al. 2001;Itoh et al. 2001). Itoh et al. (2001) cloned and analyzed two GA3ox genes (OsGA3ox1 and OsGA3ox2) from rice. Their study indicated that OsGA3ox1 was preferentially expressed in unopened flower and OsGA3ox2 in elongating leaves. Kaneko et al. (2002) reported that OsGA3ox2 production in epithelium cells was important for a-amylase induction in early stages of germinating rice seeds. On the other hand, little is known about the molecular mechanism of GA biosynthesis in germinating barley seeds. Recently, Spielmeyer et al. (2004) reported isolation and chromosome mapping of two genes encoding GA 3b-hydroxylase, HvGA3ox1 and HvGA3ox2, from barley. However, there is no information about the expression pattern of these genes, and their role in a-amylase expression during germination remains to be clarified. The research described here predicts that HvGA3ox2 plays an important role in GA biosynthesis for the induction of hydrolytic enzymes, including a-amylase, in germinating barley seeds. Materials and methods Plant materialsBarley seeds (Hordeum vulgare cv. Harrington) were surface-sterilized in 1% NaClO for 10 min and rinsed in distilled water. The seeds were imbibed in distilled water for 8 h, plated on petri dishes with wetted filter paper, and grown in a culture chamber at 20°C in the dark. Seedling s...

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Differential expression of ?-amylase genes in germinating rice and barley seeds

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Metabolite Signals Regulate Gene Expression and Source/Sink Relations in Cereal Seedlings

Metabolite Signals Regulate Gene Expression and Source/Sink Relations in Cereal Seedlings

Aleurones from a Barley with Low [alpha]-Amylase Activity Become Highly Responsive to Gibberellin When Detached from the Starchy Endosperm

Specific expression of the gibberellin 3.BETA.-hydroxylase gene, HvGA3ox2, in the epithelium is important for Amy1 expression in germinating barley seeds

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