Differential Expression and Geographic Variation of the Venom Phospholipases A2 of Calloselasma rhodostoma and Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus

Venom phospholipases A2 of bamboo viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri): molecular characterization, geographic variations and evidence of multiple ancestries

“…The enzymic activities of venom acidic PLA 2 s have been shown to be essential, but not simply proportional to their anti-platelet effects [23]. Each acidic PLA 2 may have evolved with distinct specificity towards platelets of different species [12]. To understand the specificities of each acidic PLA 2 , the platelets of various potential preys of the species should be included in the study.…”

“…It is known that the venom acidic PLA 2 s from pitvipers Gloydius [27] and Calloselasma [12] are potent platelet inhibitors. It has been shown that the residues E6, D114 or D115, W20, W21, Y113 and W119 of the PLA 2 s form a surface site to which platelets may possibly bind [27].…”

“…The structures and functions of these isoforms were not studied. The high diversity was rather exceptional, since other pooled viper venoms usually express less than six PLA 2 isoforms [12,13]. In the present study, we purified the PLA 2 s from individual juvenile and adult T. stejnegeri venoms from various localities in Taiwan, and pooled venoms from three provinces in China.…”

Proteomic analysis of ontogenetic and diet-related changes in venom composition of juvenile and adult Dusky Pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri)

“…endothermic prey such as mammals) of the same species [13]. More recently, analyses of the venom transcriptome between closely related species has documented differences in which genes are expressed [21,22] while comparisons of HPLC-generated venom profiles has shown large differences in the amount of a specific protein that is expressed by individual snakes in the same or different populations [23][24][25].…”

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SNAKE VENOM THREE-FINGER PROTEINS AND PHOSPHOLIPASE A2ENZYMES

“…The finding that N. naja atra cardiotoxin and CLBP genes shared the identical exon 2 or exon 3 (Lachumanan et al, 1998) supports this possibility. Studies on the geographic samples of Calloselasma rhodostome venom, T. mucrosquamatus venom and T. flavoviridis venom revealed that the variations in the venom's components were correlated with diet or feeding ecology (Ohno et al, 2003;Daltry et al, 1996a, b;Tsai et al, 2001). The multiplicity of threefinger protein and PLA 2 genes may reflect the adaptive evolution Toxin Reviews Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Nyu Medical Center on 05/29/15…”