“…Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, we summarize a large number of enhanced DE variants proposed by researchers in recent years, such as FADE (with fuzzy logic self-adaptive strategy) (Liu and Lampinen 2005), TDE (with trigonometric mutation operation) (Fan and Lampinen 2003), EDA (with distributed estimation strategy) (Sun et al 2005), jDE (with self-adaptive parameters) (Brest et al 2006), AnDE (with new mutation and selection operation and combining simulated annealing ideal) (Das et al 2007), JADE (with "current-to-pbest/1" mutation operation and self-adaptive parameters) (Zhang and Sanderson 2009), SaDE (with self-adaptive mutation strategies and parameters) (Qin et al 2009b), CoDE (with composite generation strategies and control parameters) (Wang et al 2011), SspDE (with self-adaptive strategies and control parameters) (Pan et al 2011), ESADE (with "current-to-pbest/1" mutation operation and self-adaptive control parameters) (Guo et al 2014), DMPSADE (with self-adaptive discrete mutation control parameters) (Fan and Yan 2015), MPEDE (with multiple mutation strategies and self-adaptive parameters) (Wu et al 2016), DEMPSO (combining particle swarm optimization ideal) (Mao et al 2017), SpDE (with multiple subpopulations and phase-mutations strategy) (Pan et al 2018), HyGADE (combining Genetic Algorithm ideal) (Chaudhary et al 2019), and SAMDE (with self-adaptive multipopulation strategy) (Zhu et al 2020). Through much experimental research and theoretical analysis, the efficiency and performance of DE variants in solving problems have been greatly improved.…”