Differential effects of tobacco and alcohol in cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth

Brugère, J; Guénel, Pascal; Leclerc, Annette; Rodriguez, J

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19860115)57:2<391::aid-cncr2820570235>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 259 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5]20 Both smoking and alcohol consumption have been shown to be independent risk factors for upper digestive tract cancers. When combined, there is evidence indicating that alcohol and tobacco act together in a multiplicative rather than in an additive manner, having synergistic tumour-promoting effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Many of the compounds in the tobacco smoke are carcinogenic, but, in contrast, the tumour-promoting effects of alcohol drinking has so far been less well defined. Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, has been shown to be carcinogenic in animals and there exists strong evidence of its carcinogenic action also in man.…”

Section: Abstract: Acetaldehyde; L-cysteine; Upper Digestive Tract; mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of acetaldehyde from saliva by a slow‐release buccal tablet of L‐cysteine

Salaspuro

Hietala

Kaihovaara

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

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High alcohol intake is an independent risk factor for upper gastrointestinal (GI)-tract cancers. There is increasing evidence that acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, might be responsible for ethanol-associated carcinogenesis. Especially among Asian heavy drinkers with the ALDH2-deficiency gene, i.e., a genetic inability to remove acetaldehyde, the risk of digestive tract cancers is markedly increased. Local acetaldehyde production from ethanol either by oral microbes, mucosal cells or salivary glands is a plausible carcinogenic agent in the saliva. The aim of our study was to examine whether is it possible to bind carcinogenic acetaldehyde from saliva with L-cysteine, which is slowly released from a special buccal tablet. Nine healthy male volunteers took part in our study, and each subject served as his own control. A placebo or L-cysteine-containing tablet was fastened under the upper lip. Thereafter the volunteers ingested 0.8 g/kg of body weight of 10% (v/v) ethanol, and saliva samples were collected at 20 min intervals for 320 min. Salivary acetaldehyde and ethanol levels were analysed by headspace gas chromatography. The mean reduction of acetaldehyde concentration of the saliva with the L-cysteine tablet compared to placebo was 59% (CL 95% 43%, 76%). Area under the curve (AUC 0 -320min ) with the L-cysteine and placebo tablet were 54.3 ؎ 11 M ؋ hr and 162 ؎ 34.2 M ؋ hr (mean ؎ SEM), respectively (p ‫؍‬ 0.003). After alcohol intake, up to two-thirds of carcinogenic acetaldehyde can be removed from saliva with a slow-releasing buccal L-cysteine drug formulation. Thus, a buccal cysteine tablet could potentially be used to prevent upper GI-tract cancers, especially among high-risk individuals. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: acetaldehyde; L-cysteine; upper digestive tract; carcinogenesisAlcohol intake and tobacco smoking are the most important independent risk factors for upper digestive tract cancers. [1][2][3][4][5] Many of the compounds in the tobacco smoke are carcinogenic, but, in contrast, the tumour-promoting effects of alcohol drinking has so far been less well defined. Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, has been shown to be carcinogenic in animals and there exists strong evidence of its carcinogenic action also in man. 6,7 Asian heavy drinkers with a genetically deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) enzyme do show a markedly increased risk for GI-tract cancers. 8 Our recent findings demonstrate that Asians with this mutant ALDH2 have 2-3 times higher salivary acetaldehyde levels after a moderate dose of ethanol than Asians with the normal ALDH2 enzyme. 7 When this observation is combined with the earlier epidemiologic data, our results provide strong evidence for the local carcinogenic action of acetaldehyde produced from alcohol in the saliva by either oral microbes or in the salivary glands.After absorption, ethanol is evenly distributed to the waterphase of the body, and ethanol concentration in the saliva equals that of the blood. 9 In addition to the tissue alcohol ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract: Acetaldehyde; L-cysteine; Upper Digestive Tract; mentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of acetaldehyde from saliva by a slow‐release buccal tablet of L‐cysteine

Salaspuro

Hietala

Kaihovaara

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Primary prevention via programmes to eliminate risk factors may become important (Warnakulasuriya and Johnson, 1996). Previous studies have demonstrated that smoking was highly associated with leukoplakia (Bouquot, 1987;Roed-Petersen, 1982;Brugere et al, 1986;Evstifeeva and Zaridze, 1992) but whether betel nut -containing arecoline, lime and piper (one kind of pepper) -was significantly related to leukoplakia has not been fully addressed. Since the consumption of betel nut in Taiwan has been increasing, elucidation of any association is becoming increasingly important.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the consumption of betel nut in Taiwan has been increasing, elucidation of any association is becoming increasingly important. The association between alcohol consumption and leukoplakia is also inconclusive (Blot et al, 1988;Brugere et al, 1986;Evstifeeva and Zaridze, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for leukoplakia and malignant transformation to oral carcinoma: a leukoplakia cohort in Taiwan

Shiu¹,

Chen²,

Chang³

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

160

121

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SummaryThe effects of betel nut chewing, smoking and alcohol on the occurrence of leukoplakia and its malignant transformation to oral carcinoma were quantified in a leukoplakia cohort (n = 435) from one medical centre between 1988 and 1998 in Taiwan. Sixty oral carcinomas were ascertained in this cohort. A case-control study within the leukoplakia cohort was used to study, risk factors. Using the Weibull survival model, the incidence of malignant transformation of leukoplakia was shown to increase with follow-up years. After adjustment for other relevant risk factors, betel nut chewing (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-16.86) remained a significant risk factor for malignant transformation. Results from the case-control study showed that the adjusted odds ratios for betel nut chewing and smoking on the occurrence of leukoplakia were 17.43 (95% Cl 1.94-156.27) and 3.22 (95% Cl 1.06-9.78), respectively. Similar findings were observed when daily frequency and duration were taken into account. This implies that cessation of smoking may reduce by 36% leukoplakia cases, while elimination of betel nuts may prevent 62% of leukoplakia and 26% of malignant transformation to oral carcinoma in the underlying population.

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“…Acometem com mais freqüência o sexo masculino na 5ª e 6ª décadas de vida 8 , sendo em 80% atribuído a fatores ambientais, dietéticos, ocupacionais, infecção viral, fator imunológico e alterações genéticas 9,10 . Porém, o fator de risco dominante e comum a quase todos os portadores de câncer de orofaringe continua sendo o consumo de bebida alcoólica em associação ao tabaco 1,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Paradigma da disseminação local do carcinoma epidermóide da base de língua

Filho

Sobrinho

Rapoport

et al. 2004

Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol.

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OBJETIVO: Analisar o padrão de disseminação local através da delimitação clínica da extensão da lesão primária assim como os subsítios invadidos. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisados os prontuários de 290 pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de base de língua no Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Heliópolis, Hosphel, São Paulo - Brasil, de 1977 a 2000, sendo estadiados pelo TNM da UICC, e os resultados analisados pelo teste do Quiquadrado para tabelas Z x N (Cochran) para estudo da associação dos sítios e dimensão da neoplasia em relação à invasão da linha média. RESULTADOS: Com predomínio dos homens (8:1) e da 6ª década de vida (41,0%), 83,8% eram etilistas e tabagistas e em 4,7% os hábitos estavam ausentes. Quanto aos sintomas, odinofagia (37,6%), linfonodo (21,7%) e a média de tempo entre o 1º sintoma e o diagnóstico de 6 meses (62,0%). Quanto ao estadiamento, tivemos T1-T2 (18,3%), T3 (32,4%), T4(50,7%). Quanto à disseminação local, em direção à valécula (25,3%), epiglote (18,7%), glote (2,7%), anteriormente para o v lingual em (22,4%) e póstero lateralmente para a prega faringloepiglótica (6,6%) e seio piriforme (2,2%). Quanto a ultrapassagem da linha média, isso ocorreu em 66,2% dos casos, sendo 42,2% (T2), 54,2% (T3) e 82,9% (T4). CONCLUSÃO: o carcinoma epidermóide no estádio T4 ultrapassa a linha média da base da língua em 82,9%.

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Differential effects of tobacco and alcohol in cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth

Cited by 259 publications

References 10 publications

Removal of acetaldehyde from saliva by a slow‐release buccal tablet of L‐cysteine

Removal of acetaldehyde from saliva by a slow‐release buccal tablet of L‐cysteine

Risk factors for leukoplakia and malignant transformation to oral carcinoma: a leukoplakia cohort in Taiwan

Paradigma da disseminação local do carcinoma epidermóide da base de língua

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