Differential effects of the new antipsychotic risperidone on large and small motor movements in rats: a comparison with haloperidol

Megens, Anton; Awouters, F.; Niemegeers, C. J. E.

doi:10.1007/bf00172961

Cited by 34 publications

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“…The anniversaries can be discovered in many cases by consulting the Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ), which cites the earliest instances that the lexicographers have found of the words that they have included in the dictionary. For example, medical words that first appeared in the same year, 1988, as “allostasis” included the drug name risperidone4; nef, an auxiliary gene present in the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses5; proteasome, a complex of cellular proteinases6; and biolistics, a technique used in genetic engineering to introduce DNA into cells 7…”

Section: Lexicographical Anniversariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

When I use a word . . . . Lexicographical anniversaries

Aronson

2022

BMJ

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We commonly celebrate the anniversaries of events. We often celebrate personal events every year and more general events less often, typically in multiples of 10 or a hundred. However, we do not celebrate the anniversaries of the dates on which words entered our language. In many cases we know very precisely when a word entered the written language, or at least within a few years, and studying those birthdates can give insights into the ways in which a subject has developed over time. For example, of 792 medical words that entered the English language in the 1970s and 1980s, 32% were words relating to pharmacology, compared with 19% relating to biochemistry, 12% to microbiology, and only 6% to genetics. Although an analysis of this sort does not demonstrate the general importance of these activities, it does give insights into the extent and nature of the different types of activities that were taking place during that period.

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Section: Lexicographical Anniversariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

When I use a word . . . . Lexicographical anniversaries

Aronson

2022

BMJ

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Interaction of haloperidol and risperidone (R 64 766) with amphetamine‐induced motility changes in rats

Megens¹,

Awouters²,

Niemegeers³

1989

Drug Development Research

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Megens, A.A.H.P., F.H.L. Awouters, and C.J.E. Niemegeers:Interaction of haloperidol and risperidone (R 64 766) with amphetamine-induced motility changes in rats. Drug Dev. Res. 17:23-33, 1989.The interaction of the new antipsychotic risperidone (RIS) and haloperidol (HAL) with amphetamine (AMP) was studied in rats using an activity meter which measured horizontal, vertical, and stationary components of motility. All three components increased markedly and progressively after AMP doses between 0.63 and 5.00 mgikg (hyperactivity dose range). At still higher doses of 10.0 to 80.0 mg/kg, stationary movements (reflecting stereotypy) further increased, whereas horizontal activity was much reduced and vertical activity virtually abolished. Both HAL and RIS were potent AMP antagonists. Doses on the order of 0.02 to 0.04 mgikg significantly reduced hyperactivity and reversed stereotypy to a motility pattern equivalent to that of a lower AMP dose. Both compounds were able to restore normal motility at any dose level of AMP stimulation. At the lowest dose of AMP (0.63 mg/kg), the required normalization doses were comparable for HAL (0.022-0.046 mgikg) and RIS (0.034-0.16 mgikg). In order to normalize motility induced by higher AMP doses up to 5.00 mg/kg, however, a relatively small dose increment of HAL (to 0.045-0.071 mgikg), but a large dose increment of R E (to 0.50-0.96 mg/kg) was required. In other words, the dose-normalization curves of RIS and HAL diverged at low doses of AMP (0.63-5.0 mgikg). At higher doses of AMP (10-80 mg/kg), however, this difference disappeared, and the slopes of the dose-normalization curves became comparable for the two antagonists. It is suggested from these experiments that RIS and HAL are equipotent in controlling a low level of dopaminergic overactivity by partially occupying dopamine-D2

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Antipsychotic profile and side‐effect liability of haloperidol, risperidone, and ocaperidone as predicted from their differential interaction with amphetamine in rats

Megens

Niemegeers

Awouters

1992

Drug Development Research

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Megens, A.A.H.P., C.J.E. Niemegeers, and F.H.L. Awouters: Antipsychotic profile and side-effect liability of haloperidol, risperidone, and ocaperidone as predicted from their differential interaction with amphetamine in rats. Drug Dev. Res. 26:129-145, 1992. Motor activity effects of haloperidol, risperidone, and ocaperidone were studied in rats challenged with amphetamine. At a low dose of amphetamine, the compounds were about equipotent in reducing amphetamine-induced hyperactivity to normal values (lowest ED, , s: 0.01 5-0.023 mg/kg). Haloperidol completely blocked motility at a slightly higher dose (0.14 mgikg). In contrast, much higher doses of risperidone and ocaperidone were required for complete blockade of motility (ED, , s: 2.0 and 1.7 mg/kg, respectively). With increasing dose of amphetamine, risperidone became considerably less potent than haloperidol in reducing hyperactivity; ocaperidone remained at least as potent as haloperidol in this respect. Moreover, risperidone lost, while ocaperidone maintained, its high margin towards complete blockade of motility. The compounds were also equipotent (lowest ED, , s: 0.0075-0.0089 mg/kg) in reversing amphetamine-induced behavioral withdrawal (stationary stereotypy) to more environment directed behavior (active exploration). However, this "disinhibitory" effect was maintained over a much wider dose range with risperidone than with haloperidol and ocaperidone. The observed differences in interaction with amphetamine are presumably related to relative serotonin 5HT2/dopamine D , antagonistic activity and suggest important differences in therapeutic profile and side-effect liability of the

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Differential effects of the new antipsychotic risperidone on large and small motor movements in rats: a comparison with haloperidol

Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

When I use a word . . . . Lexicographical anniversaries

When I use a word . . . . Lexicographical anniversaries

Interaction of haloperidol and risperidone (R 64 766) with amphetamine‐induced motility changes in rats

Antipsychotic profile and side‐effect liability of haloperidol, risperidone, and ocaperidone as predicted from their differential interaction with amphetamine in rats

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