Differential effects of sauna-, diuretic-, and exercise-induced hypohydration

Caldwell, Jay E.; Ahonen, E.; Nousiainen, Unto

doi:10.1152/jappl.1984.57.4.1018

Cited by 105 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Any increase in the relative workload may increase feelings of fatigue . In addition to beta-blockers, the most common drugs used were diuretics, which may compromise plasma volume or electrolyte balance during acute or chronic administration, respectively (Caldwell et al, 1984;Danzinger and Cumming, 1964). Thus, it is possible that all the treated subjects worked at a higher percentage of their maximal work capacity compared to the untreated subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced ambulatory heart rate response to physical work and complaints of fatigue among hypertensive males treated with beta-blockers

Kristal-Boneh

Melamed²,

Bernheim

et al. 1995

J Behav Med

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Treatment with beta-blockers affects oxygen metabolism and lipolysis during physical exertion. Together with possible central nervous system effects, this may impair the work capacity of treated hypertensive subjects. In a study of 1619 male employees, aged 45-64 years, mean resting and ambulatory heart rate (HR) and complaints of fatigue were compared between hypertensive workers treated with beta-blockers and untreated hypertensives and normotensives under low and high workload conditions. Treated hypertensives had lower mean resting HRs compared with normotensives and untreated hypertensives. Their change from resting to ambulatory HR during low and high workload was also lower than normotensives and untreated hypertensives, and they had higher fatigue scores than their untreated counterparts at both workload levels. The highest fatigue score was reported by treated subjects under high workload. These findings demonstrate a reduced HR response to physical work accompanied by more symptoms of fatigue during treatment with beta-blockers. When hypertensives are engaged in physically demanding work, other classes of antihypertensive therapy should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced ambulatory heart rate response to physical work and complaints of fatigue among hypertensive males treated with beta-blockers

Kristal-Boneh

Melamed²,

Bernheim

et al. 1995

J Behav Med

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“…Many studies have shown that such dehydration is associated with impaired physiological performance (e.g. Cadwell et al 1984;Sawka and Pandolf 1990). Effects of dehydration include decreased muscular strength (Craig and Cumming 1966), reduced lactate production (Houston et al 1981), and a lowered capacity for aerobic-physical work (Saltin 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of drinking tea at high altitude on hydration status and mood

Scott

Rycroft

Aspen

et al. 2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The effect of drinking tea on hydration status and mood was studied in nine male and four female members of expeditions based at Mt. Everest base camp at an altitude of 5,345 m. Whilst exposed to altitude-cold diuresis, participants were subjected to a crossover experimental design comprising two 24-h dietary interventions. In the "tea" condition, hot brewed tea formed a major part of fluid intake, whereas in the "no-tea" condition tea was excluded from the diet. Subjects were prohibited in both cases from consuming other caffeinated beverages, caffeinated foods, and alcoholic drinks. Mean fluids ingested [mean (SE); tea=3,193 (259) ml versus no tea=3,108 (269) ml] and urine volume (tea=2,686 (276) ml versus no tea=2,625 (342) ml] were similar under both conditions. Statistical analysis found no difference in urine stimulated as a result of the tea intervention (P=0.81). Several markers of hydration status were also taken immediately pre and post each condition, including measures of urine specific gravity, urine electrolyte balance (K+, Na+), and urine colour. None of these measures indicated a difference in hydration status as a result of the dietary intervention in either the control or tea condition. A difference was, however, found in mood, with subjects reporting reduced fatigue when tea was included in the diet (P=0.005). The study shows therefore that even when drunk at high altitude where fluid balance is stressed, there is no evidence that tea acts as a diuretic when consumed through natural routes of ingestion by regular tea drinkers, but that it does have a positive effect on mood.

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“…Heart rate may increase from 100 up to 150 beats per minute during sauna bathing [13,20,21], although there is no active function of skeletal muscles during the sauna bathing; which is in contrast to the training response experienced during physical activity. Indeed, it has been shown that weight loss achieved during intense physical exercise is more favorable in athletes than that achieved through the effects of sauna [22] The increase in heart rate during sauna bathing is due to reaction to the heat stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sauna bathing is inversely associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged Finnish men

et al. 2016

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Background there are no previous studies linking repeated heat exposure of sauna and the risk of memory diseases. We aimed to investigate whether frequency of sauna bathing is associated with risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Setting prospective population-based study. Methods the frequency of sauna bathing was assessed at baseline in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease population-based prospective cohort study of 2,315 apparently healthy men aged 42–60 years at baseline, with baseline examinations conducted between 1984 and 1989. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia and Alzheimer's disease were ascertained using Cox-regression modelling with adjustment for potential confounders. Results during a median follow-up of 20.7 (interquartile range 18.1–22.6) years, a total of 204 and 123 diagnosed cases of dementia and Alzheimer's disease were respectively recorded. In analysis adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, Type 2 diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, resting heart rate and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with men with only 1 sauna bathing session per week, the HR for dementia was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.57–1.06) for 2–3 sauna bathing sessions per week and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.16–0.71) for 4–7 sauna bathing sessions per week. The corresponding HRs for Alzheimer's disease were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.53–1.20) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.14–0.90). Conclusion in this male population, moderate to high frequency of sauna bathing was associated with lowered risks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are warranted to establish the potential mechanisms linking sauna bathing and memory diseases.

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Differential effects of sauna-, diuretic-, and exercise-induced hypohydration

Cited by 105 publications

References 20 publications

Reduced ambulatory heart rate response to physical work and complaints of fatigue among hypertensive males treated with beta-blockers

Reduced ambulatory heart rate response to physical work and complaints of fatigue among hypertensive males treated with beta-blockers

The effect of drinking tea at high altitude on hydration status and mood

Sauna bathing is inversely associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged Finnish men

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