Differential Effects of Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats on Satiety and Gut Hormone Responses in Healthy Subjects

Abstract

The difference between fat saturation on postprandial hormone responses and acute appetite control is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare the postprandial ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) response and subjective appetite responses after isoenergetic high-fat meals rich in either monounsaturated (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in healthy Chinese males. A randomized, controlled, single-blinded crossover study was conducted in 13 healthy Chinese men. Two high-fat meals (64% of energy) rich in MUFAs or PUFAs were tested. Total ghrelin, GIP and active GLP1 and visual analog scale (VAS) were measured over 4 h. Ghrelin was reduced greater after MUFA compared to PUFA at the beginning of the meal (at 30 and 60 min) and was significantly negatively correlated with subjective VAS for preoccupation for both MUFA and PUFA meals. No significant difference for ghrelin 240 min incremental area under the curve (iAUCs) were found. MUFA induced higher GIP response than PUFA. GIP was associated with all the VAS measurements except preoccupation for MUFA meal. No difference was found for GLP1 between two meals, nor was GLP1 associated with VAS. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that ghrelin, GIP and VAS respond differently to MUFA and PUFA meals. Ghrelin and GIP, but not GLP1, were associated with acute appetite control, especially after MUFA meal.

Effect of the oil from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis on gut microbiome diversity and metabolism in mice

“…Our results are consistent with a previous study that reported that a high proportion of MUFAs and PUFAs in a fat diet may contribute to losing weight and reverse the state of obesity [30]. Another study also found that a high-MUFA and high-PUFA diet may decrease appetite levels by regulating the hormonal and physiological responses to dietary fatty acid composition [31]. Taking low-dose CO presented no effects on blood lipid profiles compared with those of normal mice.…”

Selective release of gastrointestinal hormones induced by an orally active GPR39 agonist

“…S4A ). Surprisingly, PYY levels were not affected by administration of the GPR39 agonist ( Figure 4 E), although it is well established that PYY and GLP-1 granules are clustered together within the same enteroendocrine L cells and that peptides are often co-secreted [ 38 , 39 , [41] , [42] , [43] ] We then investigated whether the effect of Cpd1324 on GLP-1 secretion was mediated specifically through GPR39 receptors. We found that Cpd1324 had no effect on GLP-1 secretion in the global GPR39 KO mice ( Figure 4 F), suggesting GLP-1 secretion was dependent on GPR39.…”

An Isolated Dose of Extra‐Virgin Olive Oil Produces a Better Postprandial Gut Hormone Response, Lipidic, and Anti‐Inflammatory Profile that Sunflower Oil: Effect of Morbid Obesity

“…These results with EVOO and OO agree with other studies in which ghrelin levels were lower with a MUFA‐rich meal compared to a polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) rich‐meal. [ 19 ] Since ghrelin is the most important orexigenic hormone, our results seem suggest that SO may promote appetite and therefore enhance food consumption in a more pronounced way than olive oil, [ 20 ] with the consequent weight gain and adiposity. [ 21 ] A previous study showed that oleic acid suppressed acylated ghrelin production more strongly than linoleic acid, [ 22 ] probably acting directly through gastric G‐protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) in the ghrelin‐producing cells.…”